Vampire Academy Chapter 4

FOUR WE DIDN'T HAVE THE ENTIRE commons' attention this time, thank God, but a few passing people had stopped to stare. â€Å"What the hell do you think you're doing?† asked Doll Girl, blue eyes wide and sparkling with fury. Up close now, I was able to get a better look at her. She had the same slim build as most Moroi but not the usual height, which was partly what made her look so young. The tiny purple dress she wore was gorgeous – reminding me that I was indeed dressed in thrift-shop wear – but closer inspection led me to think it was a designer knockoff. I crossed my arms across my chest. â€Å"Are you lost, little girl? The elementary school's over on west campus.† A pink flush spread over her cheeks. â€Å"Don't you ever touch me again. You screw with me, and I'll screw you right back.† Oh man, what an opening that was. Only a head shake from Lissa stopped me from unleashing any number of hilarious comebacks. Instead, I opted for simple brute force, so to speak. â€Å"And if you mess with either of us again, I'll break you in half. If you don't believe me, go ask Dawn Yarrow about what I did to her arm in ninth grade. You were probably at nap time when it happened.† The incident with Dawn hadn't been one of my finer moments. I honestly hadn't expected to break any bones when I shoved her into a tree. Still, the incident had given me a dangerous reputation, in addition to my smartass one. The story had gained legendary status, and I liked to imagine that it was still being told around campfires late at night. Judging from the look on this girl's face, it was. One of the patrolling staff members strolled by right then, casting suspicious eyes at our little meeting. Doll Girl backed off, taking Aaron's arm. â€Å"Come on,† she said. â€Å"Hey, Aaron,† I said cheerfully, remembering he was there. â€Å"Nice to see you again.† He gave me a quick nod and an uneasy smile, just as the girl dragged him off. Same old Aaron. He might be nice and cute, but aggressive he was not. I turned to Lissa. â€Å"You okay?† She nodded. â€Å"Any idea who I just threatened to beat up?† â€Å"Not a clue.† I started to lead her toward the lunch line, but she shook her head at me. â€Å"Gotta go see the feeders.† A funny feeling settled over me. I'd gotten so used to being her primary blood source that the thought of returning to the Moroi's normal routine seemed strange. In fact, it almost bothered me. It shouldn't have. Daily feedings were part of a Moroi's life, something I hadn't been able to offer her while living on our own. It had been an inconvenient situation, one that left me weak on feeding days and her weak on the days in between. I should have been happy she would get some normality. I forced a smile. â€Å"Sure.† We walked into the feeding room, which sat adjacent to the cafeteria. It was set up with small cubicles, dividing the room's space in an effort to offer privacy. A dark-haired Moroi woman greeted us at the entrance and glanced down at her clipboard, flipping through the pages. Finding what she needed, she made a few notes and then gestured for Lissa to follow. Me she gave a puzzled look, but she didn't stop me from entering. She led us to one of the cubicles where a plump, middle-aged woman sat leafing through a magazine. She looked up at our approach and smiled. In her eyes, I could see the dreamy, glazed-over look most feeders had. She'd probably neared her quota for the day, judging from how high she appeared to be. Recognizing Lissa, her smile grew. â€Å"Welcome back, Princess.† The greeter left us, and Lissa sat down in the chair beside the woman. I sensed a feeling of discomfort in her, a little different from my own. This was weird for her too; it had been a long time. The feeder, however, had no such reservations. An eager look crossed her face – the look of a junkie about to get her next fix. Disgust poured into me. It was an old instinct, one that had been drilled in over the years. Feeders were essential to Moroi life. They were humans who willingly volunteered to be a regular blood source, humans from the fringes of society who gave their lives over to the secret world of the Moroi. They were well cared for and given all the comforts they could need. But at the heart of it, they were drug users, addicts to Moroi saliva and the rush it offered with each bite. The Moroi – and guardians – looked down on this dependency, even though the Moroi couldn't have survived otherwise unless they took victims by force. Hypocrisy at its finest. The feeder tilted her head, giving Lissa full access to her neck. Her skin there was marked with scars from years of daily bites. The infrequent feedings Lissa and I had done had kept my neck clear; my bite marks never lasted more than a day or so. Lissa leaned forward, fangs biting into the feeder's yielding flesh. The woman closed her eyes, making a soft sound of pleasure. I swallowed, watching Lissa drink. I couldn't see any blood, but I could imagine it. A surge of emotion grew in my chest: longing. Jealousy. I averted my eyes, staring at the floor. Mentally, I scolded myself. What's wrong with you? Why should you miss it? You only did it once every day. You aren't addicted, not like this. And you don't want to be. But I couldn't help myself, couldn't help the way I felt as I recalled the bliss and rush of a vampire's bite. Lissa finished and we returned to the commons, moving toward the lunch line. It was short, since we only had fifteen minutes left, and I strolled up and began to load my plate with french fries and some rounded, bite-size objects that looked vaguely like chicken nuggets. Lissa only grabbed a yogurt. Moroi needed food, as dhampirs and humans did, but rarely had an appetite after drinking blood. â€Å"So how'd classes go?† I asked. She shrugged. Her face was bright with color and life now. â€Å"Okay. Lots of stares. A lot of stares. Lots of questions about where we were. Whispering.† â€Å"Same here,† I said. The attendant checked us out, and we walked toward the tables. I gave Lissa a sidelong glance. â€Å"You okay with that? They aren't bothering you, are they?† â€Å"No – it's fine.† The emotions coming through the bond contradicted her words. Knowing I could feel that, she tried to change the subject by handing me her class schedule. I looked it over. 1st Period Russian 2 2nd Period American Colonial Literature 3rd Period Basics of Elemental Control 4th Period Ancient Poetry -Lunch – 5th Period Animal Behavior and Physiology 6th Period Advanced Calculus 7th Period Moroi Culture 4 8th Period Slavic Art â€Å"Nerd,† I said. â€Å"If you were in Stupid Math like me, we'd have the same afternoon schedule.† I stopped walking. â€Å"Why are you in elemental basics? That's a sophomore class.† She eyed me. â€Å"Because seniors take specialized classes.† We fell silent at that. All Moroi wielded elemental magic. It was one of the things that differentiated living vampires from Strigoi, the dead vampires. Moroi viewed magic as a gift. It was part of their souls and connected them to the world. A long time ago, they had used their magic openly – averting natural disasters and helping with things like food and water production. They didn't need to do that as much anymore, but the magic was still in their blood. It burned in them and made them want to reach out to the earth and wield their power. Academies like this existed to help Moroi control the magic and learn how to do increasingly complex things with it. Students also had to learn the rules that surrounded magic, rules that had been in place for centuries and were strictly enforced. All Moroi had a small ability in each element. When they got to be around our age, students â€Å"specialized† when one element grew stronger than the others: earth, water, fire, or air. Not specializing was like not going through puberty. And Lissa? ­well, Lissa hadn't specialized yet. â€Å"Is Ms. Carmack still teaching that? What she'd say?† â€Å"She says she's not worried. She thinks it'll come.† â€Å"Did you – did you tell her about – â€Å" Lissa shook her head. â€Å"No. Of course not.† We let the subject drop. It was one we thought about a lot but rarely spoke of. We started moving again, scanning the tables as we decided where to sit. A few pairs of eyes looked up at us with blatant curiosity. â€Å"Lissa!† came a nearby voice. Glancing over, we saw Natalie waving at us. Lissa and I exchanged looks. Natalie was sort of Lissa's cousin in the way Victor was sort of her uncle, but we'd never hung out with her all that much. Lissa shrugged and headed in that direction. â€Å"Why not?† I followed reluctantly. Natalie was nice but also one of the most uninteresting people I knew. Most royals at the school enjoyed a kind of celebrity status, but Natalie had never fit in with that crowd. She was too plain, too uninterested in the politics of the Academy, and too clueless to really navigate them anyway. Natalie's friends eyed us with a quiet curiosity, but she didn't hold back. She threw her arms around us. Like Lissa, she had jade-green eyes, but her hair was jet black, like Victor's had been before his disease grayed it. â€Å"You're back! I knew you would be! Everyone said you were gone forever, but I never believed that. I knew you couldn't stay away. Why'd you go? There are so many stories about why you left!† Lissa and I exchanged glances as Natalie prattled on. â€Å"Camille said one of you got pregnant and went off to have an abortion, but I knew that couldn't be true. Someone else said you went off to hang out with Rose's mom, but I figured Ms. Kirova and Daddy wouldn't have been so upset if you'd turned up there. Did you know we might get to be roommates? I was talking to? ­Ã¢â‚¬  On and on she chatted, flashing her fangs as she spoke. I smiled politely, letting Lissa deal with the onslaught until Natalie asked a dangerous question. â€Å"What'd you do for blood, Lissa?† The table regarded us questioningly. Lissa froze, but I immediately jumped in, the lie coming effortlessly to my lips. â€Å"Oh, it's easy. There are a lot of humans who want to do it.† â€Å"Really?† asked one of Natalie's friends, wide-eyed. â€Å"Yup. You find ? ®em at parties and stuff. They're all looking for a fix from something, and they don't really get that a vampire's doing it: most are already so wasted they don't remember anyway.† My already vague details dried up, so I simply shrugged in as cool and confident a way as I could manage. It wasn't like any of them knew any better. â€Å"Like I said, it's easy. Almost easier than with our own feeders.† Natalie accepted this and than launched into some other topic. Lissa shot me a grateful look. Ignoring the conversation again, I took in the old faces, trying to figure out who was hanging out with whom and how power had shifted within the school. Mason, sitting with a group of novices, caught my eye, and I smiled. Near him, a group of Moroi royals sat, laughing over something. Aaron and the blond girl sat there too. â€Å"Hey, Natalie,† I said, turning around and cutting her off. She didn't seem to notice or mind. â€Å"Who's Aaron's new girlfriend?† â€Å"Huh? Oh. Mia Rinaldi.† Seeing my blank look, she asked, â€Å"Don't you remember her?† â€Å"Should I? Was she here when we left?† â€Å"She's always been here,† said Natalie. â€Å"She's only a year younger than us.† I shot a questioning look at Lissa, who only shrugged. â€Å"Why is she so pissed off at us?† I asked. â€Å"Neither of us know her.† â€Å"I don't know,† answered Natalie. â€Å"Maybe she's jealous about Aaron. She wasn't much of anybody when you guys left. She got really popular really fast. She isn't royal or anything, but once she started dating Aaron, she – â€Å" â€Å"Okay, thanks,† I interrupted. â€Å"It doesn't really – â€Å" My eyes lifted up from Natalie's face to Jesse Zeklos's, just as he passed by our table. Ah, Jesse. I'd forgotten about him. I liked flirting with Mason and some of the other novices, but Jesse was in an entirely different category. You flirted with the other guys simply for the sake of flirting. You flirted with Jesse in the hopes of getting semi-naked with him. He was a royal Moroi, and he was so hot, he should have worn a warning: flammable sign. He met my eyes and grinned. â€Å"Hey Rose, welcome back. You still breaking hearts?† â€Å"Are you volunteering?† His grin widened. â€Å"Let's hang out sometime and find out. If you ever get parole.† He kept walking, and I watched him admiringly. Natalie and her friends stared at me in awe. I might not be a god in the Dimitri sense, but with this group, Lissa and I were gods – or at least former gods – of another nature. â€Å"Oh my gawd,† exclaimed one girl. I didn't remember her name. â€Å"That was Jesse.† â€Å"Yes,† I said, smiling. â€Å"It certainly was.† â€Å"I wish I looked like you,† she added with a sigh. Their eyes fell on me. Technically, I was half-Moroi, but my looks were human. I'd blended in well with humans during our time away, so much so that I'd barely thought about my appearance at all. Here, among the slim and small-chested Moroi girls, certain features – meaning my larger breasts and more defined hips – stood out. I knew I was pretty, but to Moroi boys, my body was more than just pretty: it was sexy in a risqu? ¦ way. Dhampirs were an exotic conquest, a novelty all Moroi guys wanted to â€Å"try.† It was ironic that dhampirs had such an allure here, because slender Moroi girls looked very much like the super-skinny runway models so popular in the human world. Most humans could never reach that â€Å"ideal† skinniness, just as Moroi girls could never look like me. Everyone wanted what she couldn't have. Lissa and I got to sit together in our shared afternoon classes but didn't do much talking. The stares she'd mentioned certainly did follow us, but I found that the more I talked to people, the more they warmed up. Slowly, gradually, they seemed to remember who we were, and the novelty – though not the intrigue – of our crazy stunt wore off. Or maybe I should say, they remembered who I was. Because I was the only one talking. Lissa stared straight ahead, listening but neither acknowledging nor participating in my attempts at conversation. I could feel anxiety and sadness pouring out of her. â€Å"All right,† I told her when classes finally ended. We stood outside the school, and I was fully aware that in doing so, I was already breaking the terms of my agreement with Kirova. â€Å"We're not staying here,† I told her, looking around the campus uneasily. â€Å"I'm going to find a way to get us out.† â€Å"You think we could really do it a second time?† Lissa asked quietly. â€Å"Absolutely.† I spoke with certainty, again relieved she couldn't read my feelings. Escaping the first time had been tricky enough. Doing it again would be a real bitch, not that I couldn't still find a way. â€Å"You really would, wouldn't you?† She smiled, more to herself than to me, like she'd thought of something funny. â€Å"Of course you would. It's just, well? ­Ã¢â‚¬  She sighed. â€Å"I don't know if we should go. Maybe – maybe we should stay.† I blinked in astonishment. â€Å"What?† Not one of my more eloquent answers, but the best I could manage. I'd never expected this from her. â€Å"I saw you, Rose. I saw you talking to the other novices during class, talking about practice. You miss that.† â€Å"It's not worth it,† I argued. â€Å"Not if? ­not if you? ­Ã¢â‚¬  I couldn't finish, but she was right. She'd read me. I had missed the other novices. Even some of the Moroi. But there was more to it than just that. The weight of my inexperience, how much I'd fallen behind, had been growing all day. â€Å"It might be better,† she countered. â€Å"I haven't had as many? ­you know, things happening in a while. I haven't felt like anyone was following or watching us.† I didn't say anything to that. Before we'd left the Academy, she'd always felt like someone was following her, like she was being hunted. I'd never seen evidence to support that, but I had once heard one of our teachers go on and on about the same sort of thing. Ms. Karp. She'd been a pretty Moroi, with deep auburn air and high cheekbones. And I was pretty sure she'd been crazy. â€Å"You never know who's watching,† she used to say, walking briskly around the classroom as she shut all the blinds. â€Å"Or who's following you. Best to be safe. Best to always be safe.† We'd snickered amongst ourselves because that's what students do around eccentric and paranoid teachers. The thought of Lissa acting like her bothered me. â€Å"What's wrong?† Lissa asked, noticing that I was lost in thought. â€Å"Huh? Nothing. Just thinking.† I sighed, trying to balance my own wants with what was best for her. â€Å"Liss, we can stay, I guess? ­but there are a few conditions.† This made her laugh. â€Å"A Rose ultimatum, huh?† â€Å"I'm serious.† Words I didn't say very much. â€Å"I want you to stay away from the royals. Not like Natalie or anything but you know, the others. The power players. Camille. Carly. That group.† Her amusement turned to astonishment. â€Å"Are you serious?† â€Å"Sure. You never liked them anyway.† â€Å"You did.† â€Å"No. Not really. I liked what they could offer. All the parties and stuff.† â€Å"And you can go without that now?† She looked skeptical. â€Å"Sure. We did in Portland.† â€Å"Yeah, but that was different.† Her eyes stared off, not really focused on any one thing. â€Å"Here? ­here I've got to be a part of that. I can't avoid it.† â€Å"The hell you do. Natalie stays out of that stuff.† â€Å"Natalie isn't going to inherit her family's title,† she retorted. â€Å"I've already got it. I've got to be involved, start making connections. Andre – â€Å" â€Å"Liss,† I groaned. â€Å"You aren't Andre.† I couldn't believe she was still comparing herself to her brother. â€Å"He was always involved in all that stuff.† â€Å"Yeah, well,† I snapped back, â€Å"he's dead now.† Her face hardened. â€Å"You know, sometimes you aren't very nice.† â€Å"You don't keep me around to be nice. You want nice, there are a dozen sheep in there who would rip each other's throats to get in good with the Dragomir princess. You keep me around to tell you the truth, and here it is: Andre's dead. You're the heir now, and you're going to deal with it however you can. But for now, that means staying away from the other royals. We'll just lie low. Coast through the middle. Get involved in that stuff again, Liss, and you'll drive yourself? ­Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Crazy?† she supplied when I didn't finish. Now I looked away. â€Å"I didn't mean? ­Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It's okay.† she said, after a moment. She sighed and touched my arm. â€Å"Fine. We'll stay and we'll keep out of all that stuff. We'll ? ®coast through the middle' like you want. Hang out with Natalie, I guess.† To be perfectly honest, I didn't want any of that. I wanted to go to all the royal parties and wild drunken festivities like we'd done before. We'd kept out of that life for years until Lissa's parents and brother died. Andre should have been the one to inherit her family's title, and he'd certainly acted like it. Handsome and outgoing, he'd charmed everyone he knew and had been a leader in all the royal cliques and clubs that existed on campus. After his death, Lissa had felt it was her family duty to take his place. I'd gotten to join that world with her. It was easy for me, because I didn't really have to deal with the politics of it. I was a pretty dhampir, one who didn't mind getting into trouble and pulling crazy stunts. I became a novelty; they liked having me around for the fun of it. Lissa had to deal with other matters. The Dragomirs were one of the twelve ruling families. She'd have a very powerful place in Moroi society, and the other young royals wanted to get in good with her. Fake friends tried to schmooze her and get her to team up against other people. The royals could bribe and backstab in the same breath – and that was just with each other. To dhampirs and non-royals, they were completely unpredictable. That cruel culture had eventually taken its toll on Lissa. She had an open, kind nature, one that I loved, and I hated to see her upset and stressed by royal games. She'd grown fragile since the accident, and all the parties in the world weren't worth seeing her hurt. â€Å"All right then,† I said finally. â€Å"We'll see how this goes. If anything goes wrong – anything at all – we leave. No arguments.† She nodded. â€Å"Rose?† We both looked up at Dimitri's looming form. I hoped he hadn't heard the part about us leaving. â€Å"You're late for practice,† he said evenly. Seeing Lissa, he gave a polite nod. â€Å"Princess.† As he and I walked away, I worried about Lissa and wondered if staying here was the right thing to do. I felt nothing alarming through the bond, but her emotions spiked all over the place. Confusion. Nostalgia. Fear. Anticipation. Strong and powerful, they flooded into me. I felt the pull just before it happened. It was exactly like what had happened on the plane: her emotions grew so strong that they â€Å"sucked† me into her head before I could stop them. I could now see and feel what she did. She walked slowly around the commons, toward the small Russian Orthodox chapel that served most of the school's religious needs. Lissa had always attended mass regularly. Not me. I had a standing arrangement with God: I'd agree to believe in him – barely – so long as he let me sleep in on Sundays. But as she went inside, I could feel that she wasn't there to pray. She had another purpose, one I didn't know about. Glancing around, she verified that neither the priest nor any worshippers were close by. The place was empty. Slipping through a doorway in the back of the chapel, she climbed a narrow set of creaky stairs up into the attic. Here it was dark and dusty. The only light came through a large stained-glass window that fractured the faint glow of sunrise into tiny, multicolored gems across the floor. I hadn't known until that moment that this room was a regular retreat for Lissa. But now I could feel it, feel her memories of how she used to escape here to be alone and to think. The anxiety in her ebbed away ever so slightly as she took in the familiar surroundings. She climbed up into the window seat and leaned her head back against its side, momentarily entranced by the silence and the light. Moroi could stand some sunlight, unlike the Strigoi, but they had to limit their exposure. Sitting here, she could almost pretend she was in the sun, protected by the glass's dilution of the rays. Breathe, just breathe, she told herself. It'll be okay. Rose will take care of everything. She believed that passionately, like always, and relaxed further. Then a low voice spoke from the darkness. â€Å"You can have the Academy but not the window seat.† She sprang up, heart pounding. I shared her anxiety, and my own pulse quickened. â€Å"Who's there?† A moment later, a shape rose from behind a stack of crates, just outside her field of vision. The figure stepped forward, and in the poor lighting, familiar features materialized. Messy black hair. Pale blue eyes. A perpetually sardonic smirk. Christian Ozera. â€Å"Don't worry,† he said. â€Å"I won't bite. Well, at least not in the way you're afraid of.† He chuckled at his own joke. She didn't find it funny. She had completely forgotten about Christian. So had I. No matter what happened in our world, a few basic truths about vampires remained the same. Moroi were alive; Strigoi were undead. Moroi were mortal; Strigoi were immortal. Moroi were born; Strigoi were made. And there were two ways to make a Strigoi. Strigoi could forcibly turn humans, dhampirs, or Moroi with a single bite. Moroi tempted by the promise of immortality could become Strigoi by choice if they purposely killed another person while feeding. Doing that was considered dark and twisted, the greatest of all sins, both against the Moroi way of life and nature itself. Moroi who chose this dark path lost their ability to connect with elemental magic and other powers of the world. That was why they could no longer go into the sun. This is what had happened to Christian's parents. They were Strigoi.

Child Observation Essay

I observed the teacher and what instructional theory she used and the five students in her classroom. Her students consisted of three four girls and one boy from what was shown in the video. Instructional Theory used: The instructional theory that was used by the teacher was that of Vygotsky’s Cognitive Development Theory. Description of the lesson observed: The teacher started out with clear instructions informing the students that they would be doing about learning new words. She started out asking the students ‘Where is Squawker? † she followed up her answer by guiding the answer. Once the students were aware of the question, they answered by saying that Squawker was under the umbrella. The teacher cheered them on and gave positive feedback at that fact that the children answered correctly. She then reiterated the question and the answer and had the students repeat after her. She then asked one student in particular to go and get squawker, who would be her handheld helper for the lesson, from under the umbrella. Her name was Page. The teacher then told the children that they would be learning some new words that were in the word box. She again asked Page to be her word helper for that lesson. She gave the students clear expectations of the lesson. She told them that she would say the word, which she did by spelling it out completely first then saying in in a clear, crisp tone. She asked Page to select the first word and hold it up for everyone to see. The children then repeated the spelling of the first word, lungs, and then they also said the word clearly. *I had to note, that Page did not spell out the word lungs with the other students. She kind of just mumbled the word. * She, the teacher, made sure to also say to the children to â€Å"Look† closely at the word card. The next word Page pulled out of the word box was the word chest. The teacher again modeled how to pronounce each letter of the word and to say the word. She had the students model after her the same exact way. Again I noticed how Page did not pronounce the word like the other students. The teacher then proceeded to ask Page to place the word chest on her chest so that everyone could see the word. Page did as she was told, signifying she knew what the word was. The teacher also at that time emphasized the action â€Å"Do†. The teacher then had page pull out the picture of the lungs from the word box and place it on her chest. The teacher then engage the students and ask them how do we use our lungs, and elicit responses to see if the children had any knowledge of the content they were engaging in. The children showed readiness and ability to move forward with the questioning. She asked what is in the lungs and one child answered air. The teacher made connections to the environment by asking the children what else is full of air, and one child responded by answering â€Å"a balloon†. The teacher applauded and gave each child praise when answering the questions. The teacher also emphasized during this portion of the lesson â€Å"Say† as she wanted to know that the children knew what they were saying as well. She had Squawker, her hand helper, to ask follow up questions to see if the students comprehended the meanings or the usage of the word lungs, and chest all of which each of the five children responded with clear meaning of the text. The teaching technique the teacher used was in line with Lev Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development. Vygotsky’s theory actively involves children in his or her own learning process. His theory also implies that learning occurs before development. It was clear that the children had a base knowledge of the content that the teacher taught them, she just deepened their understanding of the material and the vocabulary. Vygotsky’s theory also implies that development is driven by the children’s enjoyment from learning and interaction with their peers. This interaction with peers and adults play a critical role in their cognitive development. The teacher actively engaged the children. She assisted in their learning by modeling the content, and she also used role play by allowing a hand puppet to be a part of the class as a helper.

“I Have a Dream” by Martin Luther King Essay

The effect of repetition of words and phrases on the main messages contained I have a dream is an inspirational speech delivered by Martin Luther king to emphasizeover the critical situation of negroes, who are still living in the dark age. Whereas he examinesthat how the blacks are suffering in the crucial situation, to convey the true feelings of AfricanAmericans. This is an argumentative and persuasive appeal to the readers in order to makethem aware about the duality that is among the blacks and whites; they are not treated equallyin America. The speech of the king become noticeable and effective to the readers because ofthe continuous use of repetition of words that is also the strategy of the king to give the nationa wakeup call to take a step towards Negroes for their welfare. The speech also leaves thetremendous effect on the minds of people. Although the speech was more effective when theking first delivered it in 1963. Hence, the whole speech contains several examples of repetition of words like onehundred year later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundredyears later, the life of the negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and thechains of discrimination. These lines describes the present unbearable condition of thenegroes that they are still grabbed in the terrible situation and they have a desire to get rid ofthis poverty and sadness which is not easy for them to tolerate. And they want to acquire theirown peaceful land where they get the equal rights and which should be free of all bounding andrestrictions. Coming up with the other repetition that is now is the time to in the last lines ofthe fourth paragraph he uses these words several times, where he strongly addresses that this isthe time to help yourself by making yourself independent like a rock and say goodbye to thedark side of life and by throwing away this separation and inequalit y because every humanbeing is equal in the eye of God. Furthermore, he also emphasize over the satisfaction of Negro by repeating the words wecan never be satisfied as long as on behalf of them. The Negroes are being the victims ofbrutality and at every step they are treated like animals that did not do anything without thepermission of their masters. Perhaps Blacks are not supposed to enter in the hotels and placeswhere the  whites live and their vote even do not matter in any elections. These are thedepressing things for them and they will never be satisfied until they get justice and a completefreedom. King sounds recommending the nation in the words go back to with these words healso took the names of those areas where black lives. He recommends looking forward theseblacks communities, then you come to know that the situation of blacks can be changed and itwill be changed. Instead, he is provoking those blacks that have lost their hope to live withtheir own identity and he also tells the blacks in a didactic way that they should leave thevalley of social outcast. Another repetition of word is I have a dream that begin from 10paragraph to 18 paragraph. Which indicates king emotional appeal towards the black that howimportant is freedom for them, their desire to be treated fairly not by ignorance and hatred,desire of holding the hands of whites to walk and live their lives together, the dream of havingjustice and the dream not to judge by their skin color but by their heart and character. Theydont want any separate nation for them but a nation, which is united and with equalopportunities as with the other white Americans. They want to destroy this inferiority amongthem, they want to low down all those hills and mountains where a person feel himself superiorto others and this is not only the dream of blacks but of America. Elaborating the other example with this faith we will be able to indicates that by this faithwe will definitely be able to come across the feelings of brotherhood and love for each other,and by this faith we will do every work of our routine life together. The word together willcome in our lives and with this togetherness we will understand the meanings of life that isgifted by God to us. By the help of the following words let freedom ring from the king tellsthat every state, valley and city will sing the song of freedom, love, prosperity, brotherhoodand justice. And we need to struggle for the day when we would say finally that we our free. In a nutshell the kings style in the whole essay is very effective and appealing. Therepetition of words and phrases used in this essay are very powerful which directly effect theheart of reader and make them realize that  this is the time to do something for the negroes andnot be late now.

The impact on countries & companies of sanctions against Russia Assignment

The impact on countries & companies of sanctions against Russia - Assignment Example The literature suggests that the use of sanctions increases risk in a country. Several studies have indicated that sanctions in most cases fail to bring the desired outcome. Sanctions on Russia were imposed to solve conflicts by using alternative strategies other than military actions. Russia’s economic and political conditions were aggravated with the sanctions. There had been several negative effects which not only affected Russia, but also other countries like the United States and the European Union were affected. Many companies in the United States who had investment plans in Russia had to suffer losses due to restrictions on business activities. The sanctions would be effective only if there is cooperation and collaboration in business activities among the nations. The Russian Government should change its outlook towards the actions taken in Ukraine in the coming five years. The government should emphasis on portfolio diversification in not only the energy sector, but al so other financial sectors. The government should rely on peaceful negotiations with the superpowers like Europe and the United States to sustain growth in the long run. The business environment should be enhanced and trade situations have to be improved. Restrictions on free trade have to be removed so that imports and exports are encouraged. These are the principal steps that the Russian government should seek to achieve in the next five years in order to ensure balanced growth trends in the economical situation.

Biber's Rosary Sonatas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Biber's Rosary Sonatas - Essay Example The fifteen sets of pieces are each in a different scordatura or a returning of the violin and the divisions between the sets are clearly marked booth by the scordatura indications and by the engravings that each set (Brewer 2011). Heinrich Biber was known in his time as a virtuoso on the violin and his writing that is meant for the instrument pushes the performer to greater levels of technical skills by employing the use of a number of stops that are designed to develop independent polyphonic lines as the main feature of his style. In addition, he had mastered scordatura which was the tuning of the instrument in such a manner that was not the regular tuning. His Mystery sonatas are good evidence of his use of scordatura in the entire musical repertoire. In the Sonata number eleven, scordatura is employed to make the chosen key that is G major more brilliant and to make the string crossings that are normally difficult to execute, easier to play (Roden, Wright and Simms, 2010). Biber was considered to be the finest practitioner that existed of the art of the scordatura and the only person that could be able to match his skills was J Walther (Sadie 1998). The Rosary Sonatas for solo violin and continuo that are created by Biber are the most famous violin music today next to Corelli’s that were created in the seventeenth century. The curious programmatic design, the amazing virtuoso techniques and the unique varieties of scordatura are basically the sources of the fame that is accorded to them.

Job Satisfaction Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Job Satisfaction - Article Example That may make them more satisfied with their "work" in the short run, but their performance certainly didn't improve. Each and every organization is faced with people challenges. How do you get public moving in the right direction Start where they are. The first step is to provide feedback to employees from their current point of view. That is where Inscape Publishing comes in. For nearly 30 years Inscape guides have been first choice for research-based self-assessments. They've helped over 30 million people worldwide progress performance, increase job satisfaction and value differences (Hines, 1990). All analysis are conducting by using SPSS for Windows (SPSS, 13.0) were utilized to conduct statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the employment background and the job satisfaction variables. Now we apply the hypothesis on overall job satisfaction level and ANOVA for intrinsic and extrinsic satisfactions. Since the computed value of z falls within the rejection region, so we reject the null hypothesis (at = 0.05). So there is sufficient evidence that the average overall job satisfaction is not equals to 4.5 The significance value of the F test in the ANOVA table is 0.000 and 0.002 for intrinsic and extrinsic cases respectively. ... Therefore, Z = Z = -2.1124 Critical Region At 0.05 level of significance, the critical values are as follows, Z Z/2 1.96 Decision: Reject Ho, Conclusion Since the computed value of z falls within the rejection region, so we reject the null hypothesis (at = 0.05). So there is sufficient evidence that the average overall job satisfaction is not equals to 4.5 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) The significance value of the F test in the ANOVA table is 0.000 and 0.002 for intrinsic and extrinsic cases respectively. Thus, we must reject the hypothesis that average satisfaction assessment scores are equal across both intrinsic and extrinsic groups. Now that we know the groups differ in some way, we need to learn more about the structure of the differences. Taking overall job satisfaction as a factor - Obviously when a job is routine, these elements would be routine. What is routine is ordinary, and what is ordinary cannot be perfect. In order to have a perfect job, one has to break through these formal walls that are built to enclose a so-called professional world. Summary Employee expectations of certain standards for working conditions at the beginning of employment may be considered an implicit social contract with the employer. If those standards are not met, a violation of the contract occurs and system inequity results. System inequity may be the most powerful predictor of dissatisfaction given that, in addition to working conditions, it has been found to be antecedent to pay dissatisfaction. Firms seeking to reduce system inequity must promote realistic expectations of both pay and working conditions, particularly at the time of employment (Happell, 2003). In summary, this article has filled a gap in the

Management And Personal Management Competencies Essay

Management And Personal Management Competencies - Essay Example This deed will make sure the sufficient and suitable corresponding among the organisational and the personal/managerial competences. No doubt, Khandwalla (2004) research results sketch management competencies which have been highly oriented in consecutive managers in dissimilar organisations around the planet. No doubt, the core competencies seem to be helpfulness enhancing" (p.12). Reliability has a huge impact on the aptitude to earn respect which eventually helps to mobilize scarce resources in hard situations. Planning aptitude and time management ability have exposed appositive effect for taking personal responsibilities. Team building skills are a basic source for helpful, effectual and relaxed environment. Before introducing the manger require for team job competencies. The author powerfully proclaims that personal traits, values, consider and attitudes are the core personal competencies which may improve or weaken one aptitude to manage others. So, self awareness, personal orientation, motivation, expressive aptitude etc' are to be firstly address and training focused in order to augment personal aptitude to perform, to learn and to take pleasure in his communication with the surrounding. (fields supportive concepts from :Bandura, A.(2000);Covey, S. (1988);Gardner, W.L. and Schermerhorn. (2004);Luthans, F. (2002). Myers, L and Tucker, M. (2005);Pajares, F. (2002) Robbins, S.P. (2001) and Updegraff, S. ( 2004). Skills And Values Required Of Professionals IF we analyzed then we come to know that dynamic and quick developed operational environment demands for expert and high possible personal traits and skills. No doubt, under these circumstances, performance fineness becomes personal and organisational proportional advantage. Khandwalla (2001) suggest, "Performance of the manager depends considerably on how well his/her multiple roles are played. In turn, how well these roles are played by the managers of an organization influences the performance of the organization" (p.11). Updegraff (2004), broaden the theory of the decision-making competence throughout join learning and the interface in the middle of people in the organisation. "If employees can assist employees make the mainly of their personal competence and achievement, it than follows that companies would stand to gain as well" (p.43). McLean, J and Davis, P (2000) emphasis the learning process from side to side relations when they wrote, "It is from side to side our relations (intrapersonal; inter-personal; intra-organisational and inter-organisational) that we attain all of our important personal, organisational and shared goals (p.1). Updgraff (2004) suggest, "The ability to build and uphold expert association is a vital part for personal efficiency" (p.46) Covey (1988) supports an extra point of view to the management capability when he writes, "When more than two persons are concerned in the win-win agreements the psychosomatic contact turn out to be a communal contract" (p.9). From the higher than information it is clear that decision-making effectiveness is a combination of personal skills and ecological pressure. The need

Egyptian Cultural Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Egyptian Cultural - Term Paper Example Ancient Egyptians relied on cosmology to prophesize what the future holds. They exhibit a â€Å"set of values and a cluster of ideas that made them Egyptian rather than Ethiopian or Greek.† 1 In this modern era, an Egyptian is identified no longer by a particular genotype or language; â€Å"rather is comprised of many different people who participate in one general Arab culture.† 2 As it happens, being an Egyptian is like being American; the term is associated to citizenship. Egyptians were legendary for revering their pharaohs not merely as rulers, but gods. Today, Islam is the most prevalent religion in the country, with Christianity and Judaism that both adhered to the teachings of Jesus Christ, as the minor group. Islam was introduced by the Arabs during the 600 A.D. It points to Allah as the one God, and indoctrinates the philosophies of the prophet Mohammad. Muslims, as the followers refer to themselves, read from their holy book Qur’an and pray to Allah fi ve times daily (Moscovitch 2008). â€Å"Long years of coercion and exploitation by foreign ruling powers and native autocratic states have left its mark on the Egyptian personality.†3 Based on their current political situation, the fact evidently shaped the character of the Egyptians and their attitudes towards the government. It is an Islamic ideology to concentrate power in one person, the Caliph, and hail him the "ruler of the world", and this remains the main characteristic of all the Muslim rulers in Egypt (Fahmy 2002). Muhammad Ali who led Egypt from 1805 to 1848, Gamal Abd al-Nasser from 1952 to 1970, Mu?ammad Anwar el-Sadat from 1970 to 1981, and Muhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak from 1981 to 2011 all epitomized a government of absolute despotism; the â€Å"executive, civilian, military, and judicial functions†4 are vested solely upon the head of the state. In despotic states the nature of government requires the most passive obedience and when once the prince's wi ll is made known, it ought infallibly to produce its effect. Here they have no limitations or restrictions, no mediums, terms, equivalents or remonstrance, no change to propose, man is a creature that blindly submits to the absolute will of the sovereign.5 II. POLITICAL REVOLUTION IN EGYPT: CAUSE AND IMPACT Countless protests are heard throughout Egypt; nevertheless, it is believed that the tensions rooted from these three issues: 1) Muslim terrorism that lead to some 200 deaths in the following 18 months during the 1990s, 2) the ratification of the Martial Law that imprisoned around 2000 militants mostly associated with the Muslim Brotherhood—a mainstream movement in Egypt with followers at all levels of society, and 3) the allegation of the Coptic Christians concerning mistreatments by the government and its failure to put the sought-after democracy into practice (History World 2010). In his 30 years of presidency, Mubarak retained the emergency laws initiated by his predec essor. These laws gave him a greater presidential power â€Å"including the right to appoint the Cabinet, without any provision for parliamentary majority, and the role of supreme commander of the armed forces, and chief policy-maker in matters of security, diplomacy, and the economy.†6 The president was ousted in a national uprising on February 11, 2011, making way for constitutional

Human Resource Management has evolved significantly over recent Assignment

Human Resource Management has evolved significantly over recent decades with an increasing emphasis on contributing to business - Assignment Example The introduction of globalization and the subsequent growth of cross cultural business made a further name change in the employee management department. Now, instead of HRM, Strategic HRM is prominent in the organizational world. Employees are the backbone of any organization. Even though an organization has many other resources, human resources are the most important ones. All the other organizational resources such as machines, money and materials, need the supervision from human resources for proper utilization or mobilization. This paper evaluates different approaches in strategic human resource management (SHRM) and describes the positioning of SHRM in contemporary context. Introduction According to Bratton & Gold (2012), â€Å"Labour is not a commodity. It is people in work organizations who sets overall strategies and goals, design work systems, produce goods and services, monitor quality, allocate financial resources and market the product and services† (p.8). Even tho ugh an organization has many internal and external resources, none of them has the ability to act independently except the human resources. In other words, all the organizational resources can be mobilized properly only under the control of human resources. There is nothing wrong in saying that HR can make or break an organization. Boddy (2008) defines Human Resource Management (HRM) as â€Å"the effective use of human resources in order to enhance organizational performance† (p.354). Because of globalization, majority of the prominent companies are currently operating cross culturally. Outsourcing and offshoring like modern business principles were evolved out as a result of globalization. Exploitation of cheap labor is vital for an organization for staying competitive in the market. Moreover, diverse workforce is common in most of the modern organizations. Management of diverse workforce necessitates restructuring or modifications of many of the existing HRM principles. Ins tead of HRM, SHRM is common in most of the modern organizations. According to Bratton (N.d.), â€Å"Strategic human resource management is the process of linking the human resource function with the strategic objectives of the organization in order to improve performance†(p.37). The ability to stay competitive determines the success and failures of modern organizations. The way of doing business in the past and present are entirely different. SHRM helps organizations to formulate strategies suitable for the changing principles in the organizational world. Different approaches and models are prevailing in the organizational world with respect to the implementation of SHRM. Different approaches in strategic human resource management (SHRM) According to Bratton (N.d.), â€Å"Strategic HRM’ is an outcome: ‘as organizational systems designed to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through people’† (p.46). For example, plenty of American companies ar e currently struggling in international market, not because of the poor quality of the products they produced, but because of the huge price of these products compared to the prices of products from competitors. It should not be forgotten that America is a country in which manpower cost is extremely high. On the other hand, China and India are countries in which manpower cost is extremely low. Nobody has any doubt about the technological dominance of American companies. However, expensive labor preventing American companies from competing effectively in the global market. Currently,

African American Essay Example for Free

African American Essay Working with African American men as a counselor its necessary to have a strategic plan to be able to work around there ego. African American men in no way wants to feel belittled or not in control. African American men wants to play the â€Å"head of the household role†. According to this case study I would like to do role playing so both individuals can have a better understanding how the other feel. Majority of the therapy sessions would be role playing with some talk sessions. I would like to play the mediator role in this specific case and give homework assignments to the couple. Given that I don’t see Sue as the issue the session would mostly be geared towards Jeremy. Given the Chinese culture I am more worried about how therapy will work for Jeremy. Chinese culture †¢Small numbers of close, lifelong friends who feel deeply obligated to give each other whatever help might seem required. †¢Relationships with other people involve reciprocal obligations. †¢Avoid direct confrontation, open criticism, and controversial topics. †¢maintain harmony †¢Faith in personal relationships than in written rules and procedures for structuring interactions. Questions I would like to address 1. Prior to marriage how did Jeremy about an interracial child? 2. What has influenced Jeremy thinking on having a child? 3. Why has the dynamics of the relationship changed since Sue parents moved to the same city? 4. Has Sue parents been an influence on their relationship? 5. Has Sue discussed her concerns to Jeremy about their marriage? 6. How was Jeremy and Sur relationship prior to marriage? 7. How does Jeremy family feel about his marriage? 8. Besides the issue with having a child, what other issues is the marriage facing? 9. Jeremy working more hours, is that optional or mandatory? 10. What are some of Jeremy concerns about having a bi-racial child?

Globalized Homogeneous Society And Culture In Nepal Cultural Studies Essay

Globalized Homogeneous Society And Culture In Nepal Cultural Studies Essay The dictionary of sociology defined the term, homogeneous as the same in structure, quality etc.; similar or identical or composed of similar or identical elements or parts; uniform. Theobald (1994) suggested that etymologically, the word tour is derived from the Latin tornare and the Greek tornos, meaning a lathe or circle; the movement around a central point or axis. This meaning changed in modern English to represent ones turn. The suffix -ism is defined as an action or process; typical behavior or quality whereas the suffix -ist denotes one that performs a given action. When the word tour and the suffixes -ism and -ist are combined, they suggest the action of movement around a circle. One can argue that a circle represents a starting point, which ultimately returns to its beginning. Therefore, like a circle, a tour represents a journey that is a round trip, i.e., the act of leaving and then returning to the original starting point, and therefore, one who takes such a journey can be called a tourist and whole process known as tourism. In a simple word, globalization is a process by which product and capital markets, economies and cultures are getting progressively integrated on global scale. There are many ways of globalization around the world and no doubt; tourism is a means of globalization. Tourism is an important transmitter of globalization in Nepal. It has significant impacts on societies and cultures in the destinations. It seems a process of acculturation or westernization or Americanization and leads globalized homogenous society and culture. It has been a major source of intercultural contact. Globalization leads to socio-economic and cultural changes in Nepal. Regarding tourism, the impact is differentiated culturally, socially and economically on globalization. According to Robinson, there has been little evidence that tourism brings the world together. Further, he states, tourism is one globalization influence that can initiate dramatic and irreversible changes within the cultures of host communities (Robinson, 1999, p.22). While there is agreement that culture has become increasingly global (Hannerz, 1987; Lechner, 1989; Featherstone, 1990; Robertson 1992), few scholars defend the thesis of a global culture (McLuhan, 1964; Schiller, 1976; Levitt, 1983; Sklair, 1991). Most sociologists (Guillà ©n, 2001) reject the idea that a homogenizing global culture is in the making (Mazlish, 1993; Friedman, 1994; Appadurai, 1996; Geertz, 1998; Held et al., 1999; Inglehart and Baker, 2000). It is clear that a globalization of culture does not necessarily lead to global cultural homogeneity. Micro-phenomenological and conventional cultural models stress the tradition-based resistance of local life to the exogenous pressures of modernization (Meyeret al., 1997). Others point towards diversification in the form of hybridization (Nederveen Pieterse, 1995) or glocalization (Robertson, 1992) of world culture. However, they miss the extent to which, in the contemporary world, the local is itself cosmopolitan (Hannerz, 1987). Again, some scholars strongly argue that globalization leads to a homogenization of culture for example, Giddens (1997:64), who sees it in terms of growing economic and cultural interdependence. In General, it is very difficult to find out what process is there (in Nepalese culture and society), acculturation or Westernization or homogeneous or globalised homogeneous? Respondents opinions were different according to geographic regions, villages and cities. People from cities like Kathmandu, Chitwan, Janakpur and Lumbini have different experiences than Khumbu, Annapurna and Pokhara. A respondent nearby Bouddhanath in Kathmandu said: Everything has changed; you will not get any typical local cultures in this area. People are directly connected to tourist and have to fulfill the demand of tourist. Therefore, they has been using foreign languages, fast food and drinks (pointing to the Coca Cola in shop) but now it turned to habits and not easy to leave these things at present. I totally do not believe, tourism is only one factor for this phenomenon, the actors of globalization are more responsible for it. For example, I use English more than Nepali, in one hand tourism is responsible because my profession is related to this field, but, in other, I listen English songs, watch English movies and many more because without English we ( specially Nepali people) will not grab any better opportunities. A respondent in Themal Kathmandu Actually, the Thamel and Lakesied lifestyle has always attracted western travelers, because they have been getting any things like in western societies, like disco hall, music and movies, food, dress, drinks etc. Even local people are happy to use English language than Nepali. For us it is normal, to celebrate western festivals like Christmas, New Year, concerts, valentines day etc, because we are in touristic area and we must do these things. Again, we are learning some new culture. A respondent in Lakeside Pokhara In the tourist regions and groups most affected by tourism, aspects of a globalized culture are evolving and a special reconstruction of Nepalese culture for tourists is performed. Other groups react against this by re-inventing Nepalese traditions. Tourists themselves enjoy a combination of globalized and reconstructed Nepalese culture, though not willingly and able to understand negative Nepalese reactions and reinvented traditions. This section will describe the impact of tourism based on globalization, on Nepalese society, culture and economy; and how it creates globalised homogeneous society and culture in Nepal. Based on primary data, socio-cultural structures have changed considerably under the influence of tourism in Nepal. Those changes, both positive and negative, have varied from place to place. Tourism has contributed to social and cultural changes in host societies, including changes in value systems norms, traditional lifestyles, cultures, family relationships, language, models, individual behaviour or community structure in Nepal. The responses of the hosts in the face of these modifications have been quite diverse and complex, ranging from an active confrontation to a complete acceptance of Western culture. The choice of strategies to cope with changes wrought by tourism depends on the socio-cultural characteristics of the host community and the level of change affected by tourism. It is suggested that earlier homogeneous community characterized by a specific response to tourism becomes varied and groups exhibiting different responses to tourism emerge within the community because of touristic developments. Tourism makes connection between local to global people. It affects the change in societal norms and values in favor of Western or American norms and values. It is destructing the indigenous culture, system, tradition, social norms, value system, daily life, language, food, drinks, dress and many more through the process of homogenization under state patronages and later creates globalized homogenized society and culture. When local Nepalese, meet with the Western or American norms and values through tourist and globalization have begun to look down upon their own traditional norms and values due to the influences of Western and American norms and values. This situation is not only seen in tourists areas but also into remote villages as well. Needless consumer production of Multinational Companies such as disposable diapers, baby and canned foods, blue jeans, two-wheelers and four-wheelers, fast/junk foods, imported liquors, soft beverages, soft drinks ( like Coca-Cola, Beer), electr onic products are consumed/used by urban Nepalese. The very complex impacts of tourism on Nepalese are discovering new types of culture, society, values, norms and traditions, which contains their own traditional and Western or Americans. This looks like new but combination of local traditional and foreign cultures, values, societies, living style, food and drinks, language and many more. Here are some facts found by researcher during his study time; majority of Nepalese in tourists hubs are intending that that individualism is good, but communication is bad, that Christianity is good but Animism, Lamaism, Hinduism, and Buddhism are bad. Similarly, drinking local beer ( Chyang and tongba), Mohi, Lassi (A kind drink made by Yoghurt) and milk are bad but drinking Western Beer, Wine, Whisky Coca-Cola and imported dust milk are good, that riding car is good but walking/ trekking is bad. Similarly, CNN and BBC are the reliable news sources but not National channels are not, English or foreign movies are best but not owns, again best educa tion is available in USA, U.K., Germany, Australia, and Canada but not inside country. On the basis on data, the researched concluded that, it is interesting that due to impact of tourism by the process of globalization, two things are happening in Nepalese society and culture: a globalized homogeneous are developing and at the same time Nepalese cultures are reconstructing on local levels ( for tourist but also as identity building and national politics). The researcher has analyzed various variables to prove, tourism has created globalized homogeneous society and culture in Nepal. The researcher has collected data on family structure of local respondents. The traditional family structure of local people was joint family headed by father or mother. After introduction of tourism, people knew that single family is good and easy to manage than extend family. After that, the structure of joint family has been changing in to the nuclear family. The history and literatures says; the nuclear family has started from Europe and America after industrial revolution. Most of the natives especially new generation who are working in tourism are interested to stay in nuclear family instead of joint or extend family. The research has found, tourism is one cause of the cause of single (nuclear) family; because they are busy than others profession and cannot give time for their family members. This types of data proved that Nepalese family structure is not different form European and American. Gambling, prostitution and drug abuse were not found in the history of Nepalese civilization. Somehow, it was exist unknowingly in high-level family like Rana and Royal, because these are socially prohibited activities and still these are socially prohibited. After introduction of tourism, such activities were found in touristic areas. At the beginning, the Government and local societies ignored those activities due to tourism industry and gradually these activities were increased dramatically. Now it is big problem for Nepalese society. Gambling, prostitution and drug abuse are directly related to tourism in Nepal because tourism is the key factor of those activities. Such activities are more in touristic hubs of Nepal and slowly expanding to the all-major cities. The answer given by tourist from USA in Thamel: I was surprised when I was walking in Thamel, Kathmandu, I feel I was walking in some street of Las Vegas of USA and walking street in Thailand. Nepal is not so for from sex tourism. Similarly, in the case of gambling, some countries found to manage gambling for the foreigners in their countries. In this aspect, Los Vegas of America is a famous gambling center in the World. Such types of facilities are mostly found in Hotel in Nepal. But, Nepal government do not have any rules against local people to involve in such activities. Major touristic areas of Nepal like Kathmandu, Pokhara and Chitwan such activities has been increasing especially Young locals. Which prove that tourists places of Nepal is not different from American and European touristic places. This could be an example of globalised homogeneous society and culture created by tourism in Nepal. The next variable of globalised homogeneous society and culture in Nepal is language. Nepalese society is ethnically varied and multifaceted (complex). In Nepal, there are 61 ethnic cast group and they speak different languages. Languages, cast religion, and dress are different according to geographic regains. Formally, most of people in different geographical regions communicate each other in their own language. After introduction of tourism in communities, all indigenous people, who have opened hotels, restaurants, souvenir shops, travel and trekking agencies are, have to speak foreign languages for their business. Similarly, the local guide and all workers related to tourism should speak English and other foreign language. Therefore, there are huge demand of such persons able to speak English and foreign language. To get better opportunities people started to learn foreign language. Most of the people had started to learn foreign languages with tourists because they did not have language center in their society, for this work, different International and national organization has been helping them. I have been working in tourism more than 30 years, I do not have any schooling education in foreign languages, me and my family members can speak English very fluently, not only in business we use English at home also. Even my son can speak German, French and Japanese except English, we learnt it from tourist. A father with his family members in Thamel Kathmandu Furthermore, majority of the indigenous people involved in tourism can understand communication easily with the tourist in different foreign languages. Nowadays the youngsters are gradually adopting to speak English and foreign languages in their daily activities too. These changes in people are because of the involvement in tourism and enable to speak English and other languages in their daily activities. However, nowadays people are happy to use English rather than their own language. Most of the people are using mixed Nepali language: Nepali plus English. The researcher has found most of local people are using broken language; English plus Nepali in the study areas. It is proved that, people are using neither their own language correctly nor foreign. They introduced new types of mixed language for their daily life. Therefore, westernization in language is seen clearly in Nepal. It will be certainly happen that in future large number of the Nepalese will use English language in the ir daily life. This could be the best example of globalized homogeneous society and culture, because English is spoken all over the World as international language. Similarly; Food, drinks, dress, marriage and lifestyles are other important variables to discuss on globalized homogenous society and culture in Nepal. The food of Nepal is as diverse as the country itself, it is easy to cook and good to eat and famous for its nutrition level and tempting taste. Dal Bhat (Pulses and rice), Roti (flat bread), Gundrook- Dheedo (wheat, maize porridge and dried green vegetables) are common food. In addition, milk, Rakshi, Tomba, Mohi, Lassi (A kind drink made by Yoghurt) are common drinks in Nepal. After introduction of tourism, local people were forced to make varieties of foreign food to fulfill tourists demand. Gradually, local peoples food items were changing in to foreign food. Nepalese neither changed their local food totally nor accepted foreign food. Some new types of food were introduced, having both qualities form local and foreign food. However, majority of local people were happy to consume modern foreign food and drinks, like Biscuits, Noodles, sweets, Pizza, Pasta, Burger, Cake, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Western Beer, Wine, Whisky and many more food and drinks. Even people prefer to go to the hote ls and restaurants rather than at home. Our children are growing their hair out, and the evening, when they leave the Patan, each carries a bottle of Coca-Cola and fast food in their hand. Nowadays, there is a rebellion against family values. I grew up with a different lifestyle than my son. When I talk to him: look my son; he is Badmasi (a bad people in Nepalese sense); you have to respect our traditions, cultureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, he said; do not worry. But, they never care on it. I am afraid that they are importing some bad values and customs, thats why I moved away from here. A respondent in Patan Durbar square, Lalitpur Regarding to Nepalese dress, Daura-Suruwal and Topi (Nepali Cap) for men and Sari (Gunyo), Choli for women in general but men use Shirt, Pant, and women use Kurtha-suruwal also. People who have connection with tourist are using different types of western fashion like jeans, metallic clothes, t-shirt of Bob Marley, Michael Jackson, WWE superstar and some junky dresses. Such condition is worst in women; they are happy with modern boutiques, tight jeans and with two pieces of clothes seem undressed, which is not acceptable in Nepalese society, such things are found more in tourist areas. Similarly, arrange marriage has been considering as the best marriage system in Nepal in the past even today. However, the idea of romantic love has seeped into the mentality of youngsters. This is a result of external influences, among them tourism and movies. They prefer love marriages, where they can choose their own mates. Sometimes their own choosing results in inter-caste and inter-community marriages. Except for one reported case, cross-cultural marriages are rare in Ghandruk, Khumbu, Chitwan, Kathmandu and Jankpur as compared to the Armapuma region and Lumbini, where such marriages are more frequent. Overall, tourists remain a fascination for youngsters, along with their material wealth and ideas about conjugal matters. In other cases, the tourist ends up marrying native people in Khumbu, Annapuran, Kathamndu, Pokhara, and Chitwan etc. The new generation of such couple has both mixed culture; foreign and local, which is one of the key factor to introduce a new type of globali sed homogenized society and culture in Nepal. The influxes of tourists have had major effect on the local communities, particularly on the indigenous people like Sherpas Rai, Gurung, Tamang, Tharu (a Nepalese ethnic group), who live around the trekking routes of Khumbu, Annapurna region and Chitwan. The culture of those indigenous people has been changed as well as the structure of the local economies. Here is a comparative chart between traditional and globalised Nepalese culture before and after tourism. Before tourism (Traditional) After tourism (Globalised) Family structure ( Joint or extend family) Gambling, prostitution and drug abuse were not found. Traditional Nepali and other Languages according to Region and cast. Traditional food and drinks; Dal Bhat, Roti, Gundrook- Dheedoand milk, Rakshi, Tomba, Mohi, Lassietc. Dress; Daura-Suruwal, Topi, Shirt, pant for men and Sari (Gunyo), Choli and Kurtha-suruwal for women. Nuclear family Gambling, prostitution and drug abuse can be found everywhere especially more in tourist places. Mixed (Nepali and other foreign) languages, and majority of people speak English in their daily life. Globalised food and drinks; Biscuits, Noodles, Chocolates, Pizza, Pasta, Burger, Cake, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Western Beer, Wine, Whisky and many more. Dress; western fashion like jeans, metallic clothes, t-shirt of Bob Marley, Michael Jackson, WWE superstar. Tourism still has impact on local society and culture in Nepal. Participants report that tourism has more contradicted religion and traditions, while some of them expressed the fear of potential impact on younger generations. Such sentiments were centered near Khumbu and Annapurna, where the impact on society and culture are more present than in the other sites. Among the negative impacts reported in study, areas are; the consumption of alcohol, the imitation of tourist behaviour and sexual relations with tourists, increasing foreign food, dress, drug, language, gambling and unwanted lifestyle change. Yet, as we have already seen, if anything characterizes developments such as those mentions above, it is their particularism. In my opinion, it would be a mistake to read this particular case as an example of global cultural heterogeneity. As representing some more authentic cultural voice, that has its roots somewhere outside global culture. A number of theories of the global condition are eager to point out that the current phase of cultural globalization neither implies that we are merely witnessing a new kind of cultural imperialism not means that world cultural is becoming more homogeneous. If anything, the current phase of globalization is characterized as much by cultural differentiation as it is by homogenizing process. Therefore, I can say by looking answers given by respondents, tourism is an important transmitter of globalization in Nepal, due to tourism two things happened in Nepalese society and culture: a globalized homogeneous culture develops but the same time Nepales e cultures are reconstructed on local levels.

Evaluating Organisation Values and Structure

Evaluating Organisation Values and Structure Organization culture can be defined as a functional element of a business that comprise of organizational values, experiences and beliefs and the cultural norms of the organization. The specific collection of these values and attributes are shared by the employees within an organization and are controlled according to the level of interaction between them. The main protectors of organizational cultures are the employees within the organization and the stakeholders outside the organization. Thus this report discusses the key aspects of organizational culture and behaviour and also covers basic theories related to organizational management. Organizational values can be attributed to the beliefs and ideas of the individuals within the organizations regarding the strategic goals. The organizational values are conveyed right from the top of the organizational pyramid to the bottom. As far as organizational culture is concerned, there are various factors comprising of the organizational culture. These factors include employees, creation of values, growth, commitment, motivation and future emphasis. Organizational values and culture influences the kind of behaviour individuals carry within a work place. Thus these are the basic concept regarding organizational culture and values. It is a well known fact that an organization cannot succeed without a sound organizational culture and positive behaviour of the individuals comprising the organization. There are various factors that influence the behaviour of individuals and are an important part of the organizational culture. All these phenomenons and other activities such as coordination, task allocations which are collectively directed towards achieving the organizational objectives consist of the organizational structure. Most of the organizations have organization structures comprising of the clustered entities. The structure of an organization depends of its objectives and the strategies which are formulated to achieve these objectives. Organizational structure enables giving responsibilities for different business operations to various business entities such as department, workgroup or team, individuals and many more. If an organization doesnt have a sound structure, there are chances that it might face difficulties in achieving its objectives. We shall now discuss organizational structure and culture in more detail. Organizations witness different cultures because they consist of different types of individuals. The culture within an organization has direct implications on its performance and also reflects its values and beliefs. If there is no alignment between the organizational culture and the companys business strategies, the company will struggle to work with full potential and satisfy the objectives of its stakeholders. There are many types of organizational cultures as suggested by various academic scholars. First of all, there can be Collaborate organizational culture which is found where the workplace is open and friendly and employees share lot of things among themselves. Next is the Create culture wherein the workplace is dynamic, entrepreneurial and innovative and experimentation is considered to be the driving factor for development. Then we have the Control culture wherein the organization is very structured and formal and employee behaviour is governed by the set rules and procedur es. Finally, we have Competitive culture which is observed in the results seeking organizations with employees being highly competitive, goal-oriented and productive. Thus these are different types of organizational cultures which have direct or indirect effects of business performance. The main factor of organizational structure and culture that drives the performance is leadership. Leadership is characterized by the focus on internal business environment, organizational effectiveness and business results. Thus all the organizations thrive to create a sustainable and robust culture that ensures future viability of the business and enhanced performance. Figure 1 explains the main factors of organizational culture and its impact on performance. Figure1: Organizational Culture and Performance Factors influencing Individual behaviour Individual behaviour within a workplace is influenced by various factors such as emotions, culture, persuasion, values, norms, ethics and personal attitudes. The main factor influencing human behaviour is the work environment and organizational culture. For example, if an employee is highly motivates within a workplace, he/she would develop a positive approach towards work and the productivity will increase along with the profits. On the other hand, if an individual faces issues such as ignorance, demoralization, corruption and unethical behaviour, this will have a negative impact of the individuals behaviour. Moreover the individuals abilities and skills, perception and personality also help in determining his/her behaviour within an organization. Thus there are the main factors that affect an individuals behaviour within an organization. Organizational Theories There are various organizational theories in academic literature using which the organizations survive in the competitive market. The foremost organizational theory is the contingency theory which suggests that whenever the company management takes important decision, they should consider all the aspects of the companys current performance and act accordingly. Next is the systems theory which considers the organizations in a broader perspective and helps in interpreting the market and anticipating the needs of customers. Then we have the scientific management theory which helps in accurate measurement and monitoring of organizational tasks and also the strategies developed in order to achieve these goals. Finally there is the human relations theory which supports the idea of trade unions and government regulations. According to this theory, more emphasis is given to employees and their potential in the organization. The main culture and subculture within an organization plays an important role in the company and is also vital for its success or failure. Thus these are the basic organizational theories that play a significant role in organizational management. These theories help in every aspect of organizational management as they help is management operations such as sales forecast, performance monitoring, decision making, enhancing the business networks and so on. Thus we shall now discuss about management theories and organizational culture of two organizations namely Google and Microsoft. Google have very different and unique approaches towards management. The main management approach of Google is effective employee handling and motivation by providing a wonderful experience at work. All Google employees are called as Googlers and the whole organizational culture of Google is very unique. For example, employees have the liberty to comment on the companys strategies or give suggestions to the top management personals. The company management principles consider all its employees equally important for the success of the company. Googlers were allowed to carry their pets at workplace, were given free lunch and snacks and other amenities. Thus one can clearly suggest that Googles zero percent employee turnover rate is an excellent testament to its respectable organizational culture. Moving onto Microsoft, managers here are described as Mentors and employees as Pupils. Mentors in Microsoft carry high profile with a wealth of knowledge and experience whereas pupils are encouraged to be hard-working and enthusiastic to take risks. Microsoft has been successful over the years by using a sound organizational structure. The company is managed by 10 Board of Directors who are elected every year. The company is sub-categorized into various teams that handle critical aspects of business. All the employees of Microsoft share the same values and beliefs and the expectations they have from the company. These shared views affect the companys performance, decision making and also team performance. Employees are allowed to grow within the company as a part of the strong organizational culture Microsoft has. Thus over the years, Microsoft has successfully used its organizational culture and resources in order to achieve its business objectives. Thus these are the different approaches towards management of two organizations namely Google and Microsoft. There is one thing common between the two companies as far as the role of technology in organizational culture is concerned. Both the companies are equipped with latest technological gadgets that make it easy for them to give good performance, analyze markets, anticipate future forecasts and many more. One can clearly comment that indeed the organizational culture and sound approaches towards organizational management are the basic elements needed by the organization to have an edge over its rivals. Thus we shall now discuss about various leadership styles and their effectiveness in leadership approaches. Importance of different leadership styles Leadership style can be defined as the effective behaviour of leaders towards achieving team objectives and management of the team. It can also be considered as the way of giving direction to others, implementing strategies and motivating individuals. There are numerous leadership styles discussed in the academic history. We shall now discuss about different leadership styles and their importance in organizational performance. The first is autocratic style where all the decision making authority lies with the leader. Here the leader doesnt pay much attention to the suggestions given to him/her and all the initiatives taken are the leaders responsibility. The only advantage here is that the leader possesses extreme wealth of knowledge and experience which is used to achieve organizational goals. Next is the Participative style wherein the leader consults his/her group of team before making decisions. This is very advantageous as far as team performance is concerned. This style also he lps members of the team to self motivate by taking active part in team discussions. Democratic leadership style ensures that the leader takes the final decision but consults a couple of individuals regarding the decision making process. This leadership style is a sign of strength as it helps in earning the respect from employees. Finally we have the free reign leadership style, wherein employees are allowed to take their own decisions. However the responsibility of the decision lies on the leaders shoulder but this helps the employees to analyze situations and determine the strategies. Here the tasks are generally completed based on the priority factor of an individual task. Thus these are some of the leadership styles that the leaders in real world carry with themselves in order to complete tasks or achieve organizational goals. There are various factors that influence the different leadership styles within the organization. These include available time, responsibility, and possession of information, knowledge of employees, internal conflicts, and stress levels, type of objectives and finally the rules and regulations of the organization. All these factors highly influence the leadership styles in a way that there is lot of uncertainty that same style would be used for the whole process of achieving organizational objectives. Thus these are the main issues regarding different leadership styles and their effectiveness. Motivation Theories In order to discuss the application of motivational theories within a workplace, we shall first discuss about different types motivational theories. The first is the incentive theory wherein a tangible or an intangible reward or benefit is given to the employee after completion of a particular task or exceptional services. According to this theory, the reward given to the employee will motivate him/her to continue giving exceptional service to the organization and develop positive attitude towards work. Next is the need motivational theory suggesting that the needs and wants of a human being reflect the type of performance given by them. The fulfilment of one need motivates individuals to work harder in order to fulfil the next need or a want. Over the years, there has been very strong relationship between the motivation theories and management practices in organizations. Motivation theories are the driving factors that positively influence the performance of individuals and hence the company. On the other hand, management theories cover effective administration as well as the business. Both these theories are interrelated and work together. For example, a manager motivates an employee by giving certain benefits or rewards for hard work and as a result the productivity of the employee goes up and so does the profits of the company. In this case, the manager applied motivation theory and the whole process comes under the management theory which includes using relevant resources in order to meet the objectives or get the work done. Moreover, if a sound motivation theory is not applied then the overall process of management has chances of not meeting the expected outcomes. Thus one can clearly suggest that indeed, the motivat ion theories have sound influence on the management theories within any given organization. Thus we shall now try to evaluate the nature and work behaviour of groups or teams and also discuss the factors that lead to their failure or effectiveness. Team effectiveness and failure A very common practice observed within many organizations is the formation and working in teams. Working in team enables completion of goals with team efforts and condensing bigger objectives into smaller individual tasks. Teams can be formed within an organization with different departments, rank of employees, based on projects and also based on abilities of individuals. In the case of team efforts, the whole team is responsible for completion of the given task and if one member underperforms then it can affect the performance of the whole team. Thus specific groups are formed in order to complete the given task in a specific manner which a single individual cannot perform. Groups or teams have different natures or behaviours which influence their performance. The team or group can be ambitious, enthusiastic, hard-working, motivated, inexperienced, disorganized and many more. All these factors directly or indirectly lead to the team effectiveness or failure. The factors or behaviour of the team that leads to its effectiveness are high morale, motivation, energetic, high experience, well coordinated and hard working. For example, if a team has these factors then it can easily coordinate and work hard collectively in order to achieve team goals. On the other hand, factors such as individual concerns, lack of coordination, dissatisfaction among members, over ambitious leader, low morale and lack of experience can lead to the team failure within an organization. For example, if a team has less experience and coordination among team members, then it is obvious that the performance cannot be enhanced and thus leading to the team failure. Thus these are the main factors that affect the whole performance of the team and which lead to the team effectiveness or failure. We shall now analyze the role of technology on team functioning within an organization. Impact of Technology on Team Functioning In todays world, almost all the businesses are loaded with technology and make the full use of technological equipments in order to run their administration tasks. Technologies such as e-mails, mobile phones, Blackberry, groupware, computers and laptops have played significant role in improving team performance. For example, if team members are not at a same place, they can still have a communication via the e-mail. Mobile phones have brought a big revolution in the world of technology which helps team members when they are out of the office, on the road or otherwise unavailable. Groupware helps the team members to plan important meetings and collaborate in a virtual environment which can be accessed from all parts of the world. Finally computers and laptops allow team members to use internet and perform various business tasks very easily. Thus these are the main factors that have a deep impact on the team functioning. There are so many other technological factors that influence the team performance. For example, there has been extensive advancement in the technological gadgets such as video conferencing, web cam, fax, printers, scanners and many more have direct or indirect influence on team functioning. As far as information technology is concerned, it helps the team to perform back-end operations such as monitoring sales forecast, managing customer database, conducting business through websites, using various software and many more. Information technology plays a vital role in todays organizations and is the determining factor for the success or failure of the organization. The development of information technology over the years is showing no signs of slowing down. A region-wide Wi-Fi and nanotechnology are the latest inventions that boost all the aspects of business functionalities. Thus these are the main impacts of technology on the team as wells as business functioning. Conclusion Thus one can clearly suggest from all the above discussions that indeed a sound organizational culture and organizational structure plays the determining factor for the success or failure of the organization. In this competitive business environment, all the companies are constantly trying to improve their organizational culture so that they can have an edge over their competitors. Employees are a very important aspect of organizational culture and thus there are various factors that influence individual behaviour at the workplace. Thus these organizational theories underpin all the basic principles of management. The example of Google and Microsoft explained that how a sound organizational culture helped the companies to progress toward their desired goals. An organization consists of various individuals and these individuals can work together forming various teams among themselves. As we have seen, there are many factors that affect the team performance and thus a positive organizational culture will always have a positive impact on the team performance. Finally, the use of technology in recent years has been the driving factor in the effective working of a team or an individual or a company.

Gay Marriage Should Be Legal :: Same-Sex Marriage Essays

On June 26, 2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that the US Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry. Should gay marriages really be allowed? Has the Supreme Court ruled in error? In our society today, homosexuals are treated unconstitutionally, they are forced to live a secret life, they are forbidden to adopt and raise children and unable to marry the person they love. This is just a few to the many inequalities that homosexuals face in everyday life. The constitution guarantees the right to free speech and the right to pursue happiness to everyone, although homosexuals do not get to live their life by their choice. Most Americans will claim that they are in favor of equal rights for homosexuals. They will all say that gays should have the same rights in housing, jobs, and public accommodations and they should have equal access to government benefits and equal protection of the law. The average American thinks that homosexuals deserve all the rights that heterosexuals, but gay marriage is dead wrong. Many people also believe that homosexuality is about nothing but sex. If homosexuality was all about sex, why would they fight so hard to be able to marry? The reality is that homosexuality is much more about love and affection than it is about sex. Noboody can come up with a good reason to deny gays the right to marry. Homosexual people should be allowed to marry. One argument against gay marriage is that homosexual couples are not the ideal environments to raise children in. Any convicted felon (child molesters, murderers...) can be married and raise children. Many scientific studies have shown that children raised in homes with homosexual couples are just as good as those of straight couples. Psychologists tell us that what makes the difference is the love of the parents, not their gender ( ). Gay people can love their children just as well as anyone else. Homosexuals want children just like anyone else wants to be a parent. Some wish to give a child the love of a good, devoted family that they did or did not experience when they were raised, which would be pretty predictable depending on when they came out. Would an orphan be better off waiting longer for a family, or with the better chances of being an adoptee, since there would be so many more adopters? Gay Marriage Should Be Legal :: Same-Sex Marriage Essays On June 26, 2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that the US Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry. Should gay marriages really be allowed? Has the Supreme Court ruled in error? In our society today, homosexuals are treated unconstitutionally, they are forced to live a secret life, they are forbidden to adopt and raise children and unable to marry the person they love. This is just a few to the many inequalities that homosexuals face in everyday life. The constitution guarantees the right to free speech and the right to pursue happiness to everyone, although homosexuals do not get to live their life by their choice. Most Americans will claim that they are in favor of equal rights for homosexuals. They will all say that gays should have the same rights in housing, jobs, and public accommodations and they should have equal access to government benefits and equal protection of the law. The average American thinks that homosexuals deserve all the rights that heterosexuals, but gay marriage is dead wrong. Many people also believe that homosexuality is about nothing but sex. If homosexuality was all about sex, why would they fight so hard to be able to marry? The reality is that homosexuality is much more about love and affection than it is about sex. Noboody can come up with a good reason to deny gays the right to marry. Homosexual people should be allowed to marry. One argument against gay marriage is that homosexual couples are not the ideal environments to raise children in. Any convicted felon (child molesters, murderers...) can be married and raise children. Many scientific studies have shown that children raised in homes with homosexual couples are just as good as those of straight couples. Psychologists tell us that what makes the difference is the love of the parents, not their gender ( ). Gay people can love their children just as well as anyone else. Homosexuals want children just like anyone else wants to be a parent. Some wish to give a child the love of a good, devoted family that they did or did not experience when they were raised, which would be pretty predictable depending on when they came out. Would an orphan be better off waiting longer for a family, or with the better chances of being an adoptee, since there would be so many more adopters?

Facts About Orthoptera :: essays research papers

Facts about Orthoptera Where they live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Field crickets, the familiar black or brownish crickets are often abundant in meadows and fields. Also in dwellings or in small clusters in the ground. Tree Crickets are more often heard then seen. Usually colored green these slender crickets live in shrubs and trees. Mole Crickets can burrow rapidly through moist soil. They also can live in caves, hollow logs, beneath stones, and other dark moist places. Grasshoppers are also part of this group. They often become very abundant, and migrate in tremendous swarms. Destroying nearly all plants in their path. They like to live in wet grassy areas. Locust also contribute to Orthoptera. Locust plagues have been recorded since the beginning of history and are still one of the worlds major insect problems. Cockroaches are in this group too. Their are an estimated 3,000 cockroach species in the world. About 55 live in the U.S., and only 4 species ar common household pets. German cockroaches or Croton bugs, are common in the U.S. especially in the northern states. They commonly enter the house in bags or boxes from grocery stores. They tend to cluster in warm moist places around hot water pipes. They stay hidden when they are not eating. Eat   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Crickets will eat holes in paper or in garments especially those soiled with persperation. They also eat young roots and seedlings, peanuts, garden crops, grain, clothing, and sometimes other insects and even each other. Grasshoppers are a different story. They eat crops and destroy millions of dollars a year in them. Cockroaches are just a pest and they eat almost any thing. Cockroaches feed on a great variety of foods, meats, cheeses, sweets, and starches(like the starch in clothing or in the glue like that in book bindings, and stamps.). When abundant they may also eat human hair, skin and nails. They secrete sticky, odorous fluid that may be lift on foods or materials. Movement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cockroaches move very swiftly. They have 6 legs with 3 joints, as muscles contract at the base of the body the legs move. This motion causes a roach to lurch forward in rapid motion. Crickets have wings so they may fly. The movement of the crickets aren't the same as the grasshopper's. The grasshopper is an insect that can leap about 20 times the length of its body. If a human being had the same leaping ability as the grasshopper they could jump at least 20 feet. Helpful things they do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Russia roaches have been regarded as an antidote for dropsy. Also in Southeast Asia, and China the bits of meat plucked from around the legs of