National Debt an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

National Debt by Expert Prof J.F | 16 Dec 2016 National debt is also called government debt or Public debt. National debt can be described as the money a government (central, federal, municipal or local government) owes. Governments in normal circumstances are supported by taxpayers money; the taxpayers comprise people the government represents. Therefore any debt any government owes can be seen as an indirect debt to the taxpayers. When a government spends more than it taxes it runs a deficit thereby accumulating debt over the time because it forces the government to borrow from within or outside. Need essay sample on "National Debt" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Government debt can be broken down into two: internal debt and external debt. Internal debt is money owed to lenders that are within the country. External debt on the other hand is the debt the government owes foreign lenders. The governments often borrows by issuing securities in form of government bonds or sovereign bonds and bills that form what are called treasury securities or securities that the government borrows from the central bank. Sometimes unethical and hard-pressed governments may resort to borrowing from commercial banks. Government debt can also be classified according to the repayment period that the particular debt takes. There is short-term debt, long-term debt and medium term debt. Short-term debt is normally one year and less, long-term debt is 10 years and more while medium term debt falls in between the two. Money creation The process of producing or issuing money is termed as money creation. Money is normally created in 2 ways. Manufacturing of physical money in a mint. This encompasses manufacture of coins and notes (paper currency) Through loaning out the physical money several times by what is termed as fractional-reserve lending. Creation of money by mint Minting of money can be categorized into competitive or nationalized. When the minting is competitive it means that competing manufacturers are in business of manufacturing coins. The mints first have to purchase billion from the billion markets. A billion is best described as bulk precious metals that are used for coin manufacture. Purity and mass are the critical aspects of the billion rather than the face value. Once they buy the billion the mints manufacture coins out of it, which they use to pay for their production costs and retain some profit. On the other hand, nationalized minting is where a particular government monopolizes coin manufacturing. In this system the government owns and operates mint that have the responsibility of producing coinage for the national system. Nationalized minting can either be minting with a right to exchange or can be minting with no right to exchange. Creation of money through practical reserve system Money multiplier is the most common money generating mechanism. This mechanism generally measures the level by which a commercial banking system increases the level of money supply. http://www.prosperityuk.com/prosperity/articles/moneymake.html#3 Central banks play the role of controlling the amount of money that the system creates. The central bank does this by placing reserve ratios on the commercial banks. These ratios set the primary deposits proportion the banks are required to hold as reserve qualifier. The reserve ratio is a very important factor because it prevents banks from generating excessive amount of money that would harm the economy of the country and also it safeguards the banks from cash shortages when large deposits are withdrawn. International Trade International Trade as the name suggests is the exchange of goods and services between one country and another. It can also be defined as trade across international boundaries. Traders in an international set up can be classified either as exporters or importers. The antecedent to international trade was barter systems or transactions where goods and other valuable items were exchanged The factors that greatly encourage international trade include lower production costs on one country as opposed to another, which means goods and services from one region are cheaper. Another factor is the availability of specialized industries in a particular region that is not available in another one, this means that a certain region has the capacity and capability to produce certain goods and services in a very specialized manner because of the availability of advanced technology. Also lack or surplus of natural resources plays a major role in international trade. International Trade is an important component of economics and can be considered the Engine that runs most nations and contributes greatly to GDP of most countries. If not for international trade must countries would be limited to the goods and services that are only available within the country itself, this of course would basically make the growth of many economies grind to a halt. International trade has continued to evolve and change especially with the advancement of technology and perhaps the latest technological advancement that has impacted the trade significantly is the Internet, which has turned the world into a small global village. Works Cited A Glossary of Political Economy Terms: http://www.auburn.edu/~johnspm/gloss/national_debt: Retrieved on 28th February 2008 http://www.prosperityuk.com/prosperity/articles/moneymake.html#3: Retrieved on 28th February 2008 Reem Heakal : What Is International Trade? http://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/112503.asp: Retrieved on 28th February 2008

Free Essays on Child Labor Gazette

Child Labor Gazette Pg. 1 Headlines for Today: March 23, 2003 Edition By Ryan Pittman- Block 4 LEADING STORIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Reformers Help End Child Labor Practices. What is a reformer, anyway? Reformers are people who want to make positive changes for the good of society. They wanted to help put an end to unfair child labor practices that went on for years and no one did anything to stop them. They believed that the more people were informed about the poor working conditions of young children that they had to endure, the better their message would be spread and their cause would be made public. Reformers would help to convince voters to create and pass a law to end child labor for good. These reformers would go to the newspapers and give speeches to inform others. With the help of Lewis H. Hines’s photographs of the children in the mines and in the mills, the reformers were able to convince more and more people that a law to stop child labor needed to be put in place and practiced now. In 1904, in an effort to end child labor altogether, the reformers formed a committee, which was called the National Child Labor Committee. Lewis Hines’s graphic pictures helped convince the majority of people in America that child labor was going on then and that it was not right. Reformers and activists urged people not to buy clothing or products from these companies who made it a habit to put children to work and turn out their products by force. By conducting this â€Å"strike,† the reformers had hoped that by not supporting child labor practices, that the children would no longer be forced to make products like clothing, ropes and cotton in the mills. The United States Congress passed laws in 1916, and again in 1919, but the Supreme Court struck down these laws. However, in 1938, the Supreme Court ended up passing the Fair Labor Standards Act, which did not permit children under a certain age to work, and for those... Free Essays on Child Labor Gazette Free Essays on Child Labor Gazette Child Labor Gazette Pg. 1 Headlines for Today: March 23, 2003 Edition By Ryan Pittman- Block 4 LEADING STORIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Reformers Help End Child Labor Practices. What is a reformer, anyway? Reformers are people who want to make positive changes for the good of society. They wanted to help put an end to unfair child labor practices that went on for years and no one did anything to stop them. They believed that the more people were informed about the poor working conditions of young children that they had to endure, the better their message would be spread and their cause would be made public. Reformers would help to convince voters to create and pass a law to end child labor for good. These reformers would go to the newspapers and give speeches to inform others. With the help of Lewis H. Hines’s photographs of the children in the mines and in the mills, the reformers were able to convince more and more people that a law to stop child labor needed to be put in place and practiced now. In 1904, in an effort to end child labor altogether, the reformers formed a committee, which was called the National Child Labor Committee. Lewis Hines’s graphic pictures helped convince the majority of people in America that child labor was going on then and that it was not right. Reformers and activists urged people not to buy clothing or products from these companies who made it a habit to put children to work and turn out their products by force. By conducting this â€Å"strike,† the reformers had hoped that by not supporting child labor practices, that the children would no longer be forced to make products like clothing, ropes and cotton in the mills. The United States Congress passed laws in 1916, and again in 1919, but the Supreme Court struck down these laws. However, in 1938, the Supreme Court ended up passing the Fair Labor Standards Act, which did not permit children under a certain age to work, and for those...

Sex trafficking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Sex trafficking - Research Paper Example With the famine of 1871 in northern China, he sells off Lalu to a brothel and later to a slave merchant travelling to America. This was the turning point in the life of the young girl. This novel guides on this discussion on sex trafficking, giving leads on how victims get lured and evaluating possible solutions in the light of the findings. Indeed, sex trafficking is a solvable act of inhumanity. In this early society, sex trafficking was widely spread across the board. Not even were children spared as Li, the sex trafficker in the novel, traffics children together with her other victims. This comes to light when she quarrels Lalu for not getting the fraudulent customs clearing procedures right, claiming that â€Å"Even children: some of them are only ten, eleven years old. Children† were much better than she was (Gold 95). The cultural beliefs that treated women as objects meant for the pleasure of men, who were believed to have the sole rights to working. This therefore meant that women could be used however men would like to have their pleasure fulfilled. Comparably, Moser (226) cites the US Department of Health and Human Services documenting sex trafficking as the second largest and fastest criminal industry worldwide. Women and children still comprise the majority of victims at about 80%, with two million children estimated to be in the commercial sex trade. Borrowing statistics from the United Nations, the researcher further estimates the market value for this crime at over $32 billion. Before the year 2000, sex trafficking was not prosecuted as a crime in itself but under other crimes such as promotion of prostitution. This points out at the society’s rigidity to appreciating women as an equal gender to their male counterparts. They still considered a woman as an object who should not â€Å"work like a man, a laborer† so that they can pass as marriage-compliant (Gold 356). Having pointed out that sex trafficking still remains

Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literature review Example The Chinese government has legalised informal financing with the conditions that the money must not be raised from the general public and the maximum rate of interest must not exceed quadruple of the interest charged by formal institutions. Since ROSCAs typically fix the interest through bidding among the potential loan receivers, they exceed the interest limit of the government and are thus considered illegal and operate under cover (Chen, 2003; OECD Publishing,  2005; Li and Hsu, 2009). Informal lending institutions are officially allowed to charge much higher than formal lending institutions, which is why the cost of borrowing from such sources becomes very expensive. Judging by their resources and capabilities, this puts additional financial burden on private businesses. However, most of the loan applications by private businesses to banks and financial institutions get rejected primarily on grounds of absence of a previous credit history, sufficient collaterals and guarantee o f repayment. Thus, whereas formal lending institutions shy away from granting loans to private businesses, the credit crunch created due to non-availability of finance is being increasingly tended to by informal lenders. The article tries to get an insight into the financial system of China and analyses the dynamics of formal and informal financial institutions (Tanaka and Molnar, 2008). Research and Analysis The literature primarily wants to estimate the sizes of formal and informal lending markets, the criteria based on which loans are granted in each of these markets and the propensity of private businesses to borrow from the formal and informal lending institutions. To fulfil its objectives, the authors Kensuke Tanaka and Margit Molnar primarily use data from modified copy of a 2002 survey, conducted on 2500 private enterprises in China by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, modified by Chinese University of Hong Kong in 2004 (Chinese University of Hong Kong, 200 4). Using the data, the authors have drawn a perspective of the finance industry of China as given below: Business size by sales (million ?) upto 1 1 to 3 3 to 10 10 to 20 20 to 50 more than 50 Businesses with borrowed funds 46% 57% 61% 64% 71% 58% Borrowings from formal lenders 14% 23% 28% 35% 44% 36% Borrowings from informal lenders 20% 18% 15% 12% 10% 8% Informal borrowings in products sector 23% 24% 20% 26% 9% 4% Informal borrowings in services sector 44% 35% 9% 12% 12% 9% The authors find that informal lenders are a significant source of finance for small private businesses, since formal lenders find them the riskiest due to unavailability of past credit history. Moreover, borrowing from informal lenders is more rampant in services sector than the products sector, chiefly because they have less tangible goods to keep as collateral. The authors compare the calculations with the findings of a survey conducted by Central Finance University that stated that the least developed area s of China (which coincidentally host the smallest private businesses) have the highest share of credit from informal lenders (Central Finance University of China, 2005). Next, the authors try to understand the

What are the main arguments for and against the horizontal Essay

What are the main arguments for and against the horizontal proliferation of nuclear weapons - Essay Example It led to the loss of nearly a million civilian lives and total destruction of the city. Even those who survived this event, continued to suffer under effects of radioactive radiation for many subsequent years. A generation of Japanese children were born with congenital defects as a result of mothers’ exposure to radiation. Political leaders of today will have to consider their nuclear weapons program in the backdrop of this ghastly human disaster. The rest of the essay will point out the pros and cons of horizontal proliferation of nuclear weapons. It is very difficult to talk of the merits and demerits of horizontal proliferation of nuclear weapons without considering the effects of vertical proliferation. Horizontal proliferation is the acquisition of know-how, technology and material by a nation-state or a political/militant group so as to manufacture nuclear weapons of their own. The term ‘horizontal proliferation’ is used to refer to nation-states or similar entities that do not already have nuclear weapons but aspire and endeavour toward this goal. Vertical proliferation is the process of consolidation and improvisation of nuclear weapons by nation-states already well-established in making nuclear weapons. It is fair to say that vertical proliferation induces horizontal proliferation, as the latter group feel more and more insecure with their militarily well-endowed neighbouring states. In the years after the Second World War, Cold War was the political theatre upon which various nations placed their rationa le for developing nuclear weapons. Yet, even as recently as a decade ago, only a handful of nations were classified under the nuclear-enabled category of states. (Krepon, 2012, p.44) Recent geo-political developments, especially in the wake of September 11, 2001 terror strikes on the United States have significantly altered the internal political dynamics of many nations in the Middle-East and Asia. It

Analysis of Models for Emotional Health

Analysis of Models for Emotional Health Analyze Emotional Health The Biomedical model is an intangible model of illness that eliminates psychological and social factors and consists of only biologic factors in an effort to comprehend a persons medical disorder or illness. According to Ragin (2011), this model points out that health is the nonexistence of disease and therefore a person in good health will be free of any atypical biological changes in the body system. This model also suggests that when a disease takes place, finding and eliminating the illness will re-establish a person to good health. Complementary and alternative medicine is a specific term utilized to symbolize a group of various medical modalities, practices, products and healthcare system, which are not normally believed to be part of conventional medicine (NCCAM, 2012). Nevertheless, a number of these medical modalities have grow to be increasingly incorporated to conventional healthcare institutions the biomedical profession preserves a clear place of domination within healthcare institutions and these modalities are consequently frequently complementary to a certain extent than alternative to conventional practice. According to Keshet et al. (n.d), most of the research literature on the relationship between Complementary Medicine and biomedicine is controversial and dispute that the addition of Complementary Medicine to the mainstream health system eventually preserves biomedical domination within it. Keshet et al. (n.d) found in their study that integration of Complementary Medicine results in various attitudes and interpretations concerning the nature of integration, how it is and must be practiced as well as what it means. Most of the interviewed health practitioners and some of the patients understood that Complementary Medicine treatments helped to deal with the emotional and psychological needs of patients, which would if not be met. Complementary Medicine practice, as this study illustrates, seeks to influence concurrently mind and body. It is consistently made clear as connecting some sort of imperative power, be this energy or spirit. The Biopsychosocial model is an approach stating that biological, psychological, and social factors, all take part in an important function in human performance in the perspective of diseaseor illness. Without a doubt, health is best assumed in conditions of a mixture of biological, psychological, and social factors rather than merely in biological stipulations.This is in disparity to the previously mentioned biomedical model that proposes every disease or illness process can be clarified in terms of a fundamental variation from normal function. Ragin (2011) indicated the biopsychosocial model supports the belief approved by many in health psychology in which well-being is determined by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Therefore the psychological influences on health consist of emotions, social support systems, health behaviors and personal traits (p. 185). According to Taylor et at. (2013), Sickle cell disease is a hereditary blood disorder and for the most part frequent genetic disorder. On the other hand, aspects except biologic factors, such as psychologic and sociologic aspects, are linked with chronic pain in adults with Sickle cell disease. The Biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain is an extensively used model of chronic pain projected in response to the pervasiveness of chronic pain and the necessity for a further holistic approach to chronic pain management. The Biopsychosocial model of chronic pain support conceptualizations of the interactive methods involved in health and illness. The largely objective of the Biopsychosocial model of chronic pain is to assist the person to become a vigorous participant in life management skills and to become skilled at new ways of thinking about and coping with chronic pain. Spirituality is a vital aspect in the chronic pain experience of adults with Sickle cell disease that has obtained little or no attention. In studies of adults with Sickle cell disease, those persons with elevated levels of spirituality or even religiosity stated having lesser pain intensity and reported they were able to cope better with their pain. Ragin (2011) stated that the Wellness Model includes the same factors from the Biopsychosocial model such as psychological, social, and emotional in addition of two new dimensions which are quality of life and spirituality. Some healthcare practitioners think more of as life saving procedures without taking into consideration that the procedure could diminished the person’s quality of life and also affect the individual’s spiritual well-being. In regards to spirituality, researchers have being studying the relationship between spirituality and have found that spirituality is important for many individuals to acquire optimal health. Many studies show that spirituality plays a health enhancing task for many people and in many cultures. Reese et al. (2012) make an emphasis on the importance of considering quality of life and spirituality in the individual’s treatment and they defined wellness as a way of life leaning toward optimal health and well-being, wherein the body, mind, and spirit are incorporated by the person to live life more fully within his or her community. The social ecological models were developed to promote the understanding of the active interrelations between assorted personal and environmental factors. The social ecological models include the physical and psychological environmental standpoints as well as the role of health systems and health policy on the person health outcomes. The social environment which includes the familial, interpersonal, and cultural factors that affects the person’s emotional stated of well-being. This model also includes health systems and policy, specifically those agencies and regulations that defines the constitution of health care and standardize its services as discrete determinants of health outcomes Ragin (2011). According to Golden and Earp (2012), social ecological models that explain the interactive characteristics of persons and environments which trigger health outcomes have been suggested to lead public health practice. The health promotion field is frequently criticized for concentrating on lifestyle modification while disregarding related issues that influence health. Social ecological models differentiate persons as entrenched within bigger social systems and explain the interactive characteristics of persons and environments that lie beneath health outcomes. Ecological models suppose not only that multiple levels of control are present but also that these levels are interactive and reinforcing. They mentioned that physical activity, nutrition, and smoking interventions and especially spirituality were more likely interventions addressing topics to take on a social ecological approach that focused transformation at multiple levels beyond the individual target population. Healthcare p ractitioners may well benefit from applying more extensive intervention configurations intended for these settings and topics. As a mental health practitioner, I have always used the mind, body spirit approach in my practice. I feel very comfortable with this approach as I understand that spiritual and psychological perceptive go together when it comes to examine what is affecting our health. Emotions play a vital part in the person’s overall health. Although there are no specific ages and groups that this approach might be most or least appropriate for, it seems that Latino adults are more willingly to adopt it. People often forget the significance of spiritual and emotional health consequences on our overall wellness. Wellness needs to consist of physical, mental and spiritual health to make certain the entire body remains well. As a certified spiritual counselor, I have used spirituality as an approach to help people with different types of traumas as it provides a sense of purpose and protection as well as a sense of empowerment. According to Hipolito et al. (2014), spirituality has been thought in a number of ways and the Western view of spirituality emphasized the appreciation of a spiritual realm or higher reality external of the individual. Despite of how it is thought or measured, an increasing body of research has started documenting the protective effects of spirituality, predominantly following experience to violent traumatic actions. The majority studies take in consideration the positive role spirituality plays in the trauma to mental health development including better psychological well-being, life satisfaction, increased self-esteem, and decreased depression. Hipolito et al. (2014) found out that spirituality did not affect mental health or well-being. On the other hand it affected mental health or well-being indirectly through its positive effect on the individual’s sense of empowerment. This study is important as it is the first to scrutinize the prospective empowering affects of spirituality in the post-trauma period. The findings recommend that a conviction in a higher reality not only empowers the individual but also increases people’s mental health or well-being. The results emphasize the need to offer both traumas informed and spirituality receptive care.

Hemingway :: essays research papers fc

Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), born in Oak Park, Illinois, started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen. After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals. After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution. During the twenties, Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms (1929), the study of an American ambulance officer's disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter. Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel, The Old Man and the Sea (1952), the story of an old fisherman's journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat. Hemingway - himself a great sportsman - liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith. His straightforward prose, his spare dialogue, and his predilection for understatement are particularly effective in his short stories, some of which are collected in Men Without Women (1927) and The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938). Hemingway died in Idaho in 1961. From Nobel Lectures, Literature 1901-1967, Editor Horst Frenz, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1969 This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and later published in the book series Les Prix Nobel/Nobel Lectures. The information is sometimes updated with an addendum submitted by the Laureate. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above. Selected Bibliography Baker, Carlos. Hemingway: The Writer as Artist. Fourth edition, Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, 1972. Bruccoli, Matthew J. (Ed.). Ernest Hemingway's apprenticeship: Oak Park, 1916-1917. NCR Microcard Editions: Washington, D.C., 1971. Bruccoli, Matthew J., and Robert W. Trogdon (Eds.). The Only Thing That Counts: The Ernest Hemingway-Maxwell Perkins Correspondence 1925-1947.

Ethical Decisions Scenario Analysis Essay

Reflection Question: Discuss whether you generally make ethical decisions using a traditional or a modern ethical model. Provide an example using an experience you have had in your daily life. I would have to say that what is right is right and what is wrong is wrong. Being true to oneself is ethically speaking. I used to get detention in HS and being an honor student really hurt me. Peer pressure was another feeling that couldn’t be surpassed. Stress and anxiety are add-ons to one’s life experience. I have both. Depression is yet another I have not really dealt with. These feelings are not mutual and do not come easily. Ethics are the study of moral standards and how they affect conduct, by definition. Traditional ethics are from the past and are from the way that people thought about morals and the way that life should be lived back then. Modern ethics came from traditional ethics, but were revised a bit to fit in with new times and with new ways of thinking. Ethics are a part of everyone ’s lives. Both are similar, but I believe that the development with the two came from within a person. Someone did not just make up how a person feels inside. A person knows right from wrong from being taught. With that  being said, a person would know that stealing is wrong and that there would be something inside of them saying something like if you take that money from that person that is wrong and you will feel bad if you have good morals. Both forms of ethics have changed through the years and are now at what is called the modern ethics that we have adjusted to fit into today’s society. I would think that the biggest connection between the two forms of ethics is that it is based on morals and how a person feels deep down inside. I feel that it is based on what your heart tells you.

Free Essays on Teenage Parenthood

another peer has stated about them. For me, teenage years were a very different scenario. I attended high school just like my peers with an enormous difference. Directly after the school day ended, I had adult responsibilities. My countless nights of lost sleep were not spent thinking about the prom or stressing about what someone else had said about me. The lack of sleep I suffered was due to caring for an infant. I also quickly learned the emotional hardships of becoming a teenage parent. Friends became scarce; I had nothing in common with peers outside the classroom. Most did not want to hear about my son reaching memorable milestones and most certainly did not want to hear about me spending the entire night in the emergency room with him. As if complex friendships weren’t enough, treatment from school personnel quite possibly had the most negative impact on my emotions. Judgme... Free Essays on Teenage Parenthood Free Essays on Teenage Parenthood Teenage Parenthood There are many struggles involved with becoming a teenage parent. I have endured varying degrees of support and negativity from peers, and school staff. Simultaneously, I became a statistic. I was a typical teenager, I had many dreams, and high hopes of a bright future. This was all put on hold following the birth of my son between my sophomore and junior years of high school. Determined to beat all odds, I unselfishly placed my own ambitions in a back seat position to care for the life of another. Fortunately, I had patient and understanding parents. They pledged to care for my baby during the day while I continued my high school education, but stressed he would be my sole responsibility when not at school. Most teenagers spend these years hanging out with friends, attending after school activities, and talking on the phone for countless hours. Typical teens also use a great deal of emotional energy stressing over seemingly insignificant details such as the perfect prom attire and negative words another peer has stated about them. For me, teenage years were a very different scenario. I attended high school just like my peers with an enormous difference. Directly after the school day ended, I had adult responsibilities. My countless nights of lost sleep were not spent thinking about the prom or stressing about what someone else had said about me. The lack of sleep I suffered was due to caring for an infant. I also quickly learned the emotional hardships of becoming a teenage parent. Friends became scarce; I had nothing in common with peers outside the classroom. Most did not want to hear about my son reaching memorable milestones and most certainly did not want to hear about me spending the entire night in the emergency room with him. As if complex friendships weren’t enough, treatment from school personnel quite possibly had the most negative impact on my emotions. Judgme...

The Spread of Islamic Civilization DBQ essays

The Spread of Islamic Civilization DBQ essays Although not the first monotheistic (believe in one god) religion, the Muslims were still able to have a very large impact on world history. All though they were unsuccessful in conquering originally, the Muslims eventually succeeded in spreading the religion of Islam throughout lower Europe and upper Africa. The Islam religion is still present in modern day society. Many Muslims, at least once in their lifetime, make a journey called the Hajj to the holy city of Mecca. This is the city where the founder of Islam (Mohammed) was born. Over hundreds of centuries, Islam became one of the most influential civilizations in the world, by gaining hundreds upon thousands of worshipers and by conquering religions and civilizations that didn't cooperate immediately. During the lifetime of Mohammed, he gained many followers, which help spread the newly born Islam religion. To the people who followed him the ways of the Islamic god, Allah, Mohammed said that, He shall bring him into the gardens of [Paradise],(Doc. 2). Also, Mohamed said that Allah would punish all those who didn't follow this offered way of life (Doc. 2). Mohammed was an Arab prophet of Islam. At the age of 40 he began to preach as God's prophet of the true religion. Mohammed created a very religious way of life. Then after 622, he began to convert Arabia to Islam. This way of getting people to convert to Islam was unfortunately not the only way. Although peace was shown through Islam, the Muslim people also used war as a way to convert people. They conquered and killed many, probably to show that they were a strong, united religion. Many nations feared the Muslims (Doc. 4). Other civilizations called them, raging tigers, (Doc. 4) which most easily can be identified as fierce wo rriers. Over the centuries, Islam was spread so well by war, most parts of the world have a large amount of Islamic people, mostly because of this form of conquest. Even though ...

Used a different classification method to describe types of living Essay

Used a different classification method to describe types of living environments - Essay Example Friedman helped me come up with three common classes of upper class, middle class, and low class living environments that I will discuss in the following paper. The low class of a household considers the house a gallery. The house obviously should be clean and organized. The position of each item, whether hanging, resting, or on the floor is extremely composed (Friedman 127). The color scheme harmonizes with the excellent lighting of the room. Such a design should make one feel experience something similar to one of the images shown in any edition of the â€Å"Architectural Digest.† The latest styles, expert touches, and thoroughly chosen pieces are the marks of the low class. Under the middle class, practicality is the main theme. Middle classes are minimalists who believe in just acquiring what is needed and ignoring or discarding anything supplementary. Concerns about the surrounding play a vital role when purchasing commodities with extremely few properly chosen items (Friedman 159). Such a household will take pleasure in portraying souvenirs from a recent trip along with hanging some framed images or paintings. A middle class household will refrain from too much consumption and will attempt to fit as much utility as possible from every item. Lastly, the household of an upper class individual or family is full of both necessary and complementary things. Finding extra space or room on a wall for hanging pieces of art in such a household becomes difficult for a designer. Reading material is scattered across the room (Friedman 171). Paper cutouts and memory notes are jammed under magnets on the fridge and stuck on walls in other rooms. An upper class resident appears to focus less on the appearance of the house and more on coziness. Reducing stress is nearly a slogan for an upper class household. As a result, an exceptionally clean show house is not a priority for those in the upper class group. For instance, putting dishes

Managing Cultural Diversity in the Workplace Environment Essay

Managing Cultural Diversity in the Workplace Environment - Essay Example Cultural diversity refers to people belonging to diverse cultures working in one organisation, which is rampant in Singapore because of its history of immigrants and also due to its growing economic prospects. The present discourse focuses on the way Singapore manages its cultural diversity. The topic explores various governmental initiatives as well as organisational policies towards diversity management in this region. During the process, a critical view of the policies and practices and their impact on other aspects of organisational performance would be placed to assess the effectiveness of the policies and practices. Moreover, possible recommendations to tackle these challenges would be suggested based on organisational practices. 2. Background: While the effects of globalization have been so profound that all organisations have to adapt to the changes, diversity is one of the strategies adopted for sustainability and performance. This reflects in their policies and practices wi th respect to human resources management. Though the western countries adopted this route much earlier, it is relatively newer concept in most of the Eastern nations (Mor-Barack, 2005). This does not mean that the Eastern nations did not employ people from different cultures and ethnic groups; but just that the organisations have started adopting policies and practices to encourage and, to an extent, suit multicultural and diverse populations during last few decades. The most important requirement for managing diversity comes from equal rights act and policies congruent with this act, which create favourable social, legal and organisational environment to all groups of people. Secondly, organisational policies and practices that encourage and support diversified workforce. 3. Rationale: Globalization has provided extraordinary benefits to organisations, which has enticed many organisations to enter the global market. This has further increased the numbers of people from different ba ckgrounds, cultures, races and ethnic groups to work together at different locations. On the other hand, organisations in some sectors are known to have moved to other places in order to flourish because the legislation there was more conducive to their strategies; for example, Singapore has relaxed legislation related to bioresearch, unlike in the Western countries. Many Western bioresearch organisations shifted their base to Singapore (Huat, 2011). Much before such movements, Singapore is known for cultural diversity because it was established because of immigrants from different parts of the world, which created a plural and highly diverse and ethnic society (Chen-Tung, Ong & Chen, 1980). With such high cultural diversity, Singapore is one of the most advanced and flourished nations in the Asia-Pacific region. Many reasons make Singapore as the focus of discussion related to management of cultural diversity in organisations. The immense industrial growth in Singapore suggests tha t workplace diversity, specifically cultural diversity, is being managed effectively; this fact is further reinforced by the immense movement that is continuing, and potential that still exists in this part of the world. Secondly, Singapore hosts a variety of cultural mix, which makes it even more difficult for diversity management for organisations if they have to cater to the cultural differences of all groups that are a part of them. At least these two critical reasons are enough to explore