History Of Sports In South Africa History Essay

History Of Sports In South Africa History Essay Sports in South Africa are largely separated into different parts on ethnic lines. In South Africa sports is treated as the national religion, language group as well as transcending race. In this country it is believed that sport unites the entire country. The Sport and Recreation South Africa takes the responsibility of sport in South Africa which is the national government department. The vision of this department is to create an Active and Winning nation. It focuses to provide many opportunities for South Africans to take part in sport provide fund for various codes related to sport, manage the regulatory framework etc. Sport and Recreation South Africa (SRSA) is being headed by Mr. Fikile Mbalula, who is the minister of Sport and Recreation, Mr. Gert Oosthuizen, who is the Deputy Minister of sport and Recreation, Mr. Alec Moemi who is the Director General and Ms. Sumayya Khan, Chief Operations Officer. Football in South Africa: Football is the most popular sports which is mostly liked and admired by black South Africans. Bafana Bafana is the nick name which is given to the national football team. 2010 FIFA World Cup is the first cup which is being hosted in South Africa. In order to improve conversational skills among the people, crash course is being held on important teams of the country. South African national Australian Rules football team is national team of football in South Africa. This team competed Australias best under 17 players team and made history in 2007 and also defeated Australian amateur senior team. In 2008 annual national championship was held. This team also competed Australian Football International Cup which is considered as world cup for all countries except Australia where sport is being played professionally. Cricket in South Africa: The next or the second popular sport which is liked by the South Africans is Cricket and this is the customized sport of two communities named Indian South African and Anglo- African communities. This is now being followed by people of all races. The nickname given to the National Cricket Team is The Proteas. Ashwell Prince, Loots Bosman, Hashim Amla, Charl Langeveldt, Herschelle Gibbs, Makhaya Ntini and Monde Zondeki are the non-white cricket players in South Africa. Also Afrikaners include the following players in their team AB de Villiers, Johan Botha, Albie Morkel, Dale Steyn and Morne Morkel. Herschelle Gibbs is the most dominating batsman; Jacques Kallis and Shaun Pollock are the all-rounders, bowler Makhaya Nitni reached second in ICC Player Rankings in the year 2006. Dale Steyn is ranked as the best bowlers currently. Graeme Smith, who is the captain, is also one of the dominant batsman in the world cricket. Mark Boucher who is the wicket keeper has t he world record for a great number of dismissals for wicketkeeper and he continues playing for his team. South Africa had reached the semi-finals of event in 2007 cricket world cup but it lost to Australia. Rugby Union: The famous sport among Afrikaners includes rugby union. The Springboks is the nickname which is being given to the National rugby union team. Most of the South Africans think that Rugby is origin of bursting pride, it is considered as a serious matter or it is treated as shattering disappointment. The country has played this game traditionally well on the world stage and the South Africans believe that the national team will win every game which they play. South Africa the Rugby World Cup in 1995 by defeating all blacks in the finals which is remembered as the famous sporting moment in South Africa. The Springboks became the part of New South Africa after getting training by the associations. Nelson Mandela was chosen as the president, wearing springbok jersey which was won by the whites only once, at the final of Rugby World Cup 1995. South African Golf: The country has the Best players. The country has best players in the game which includes the major winners named Bobby Locke, Ernie Els Retief Goosen, Gary Player and many others who challenge for great titles all over the world. Horse racing in South Africa: Horse Racing is also one of the popular sports which are played in South Africa. In this racing take place all around the country. Rich and long history is being enjoyed by the sports player in South Africa. The South Atlantic Yacht Race: Top international events are organized in South Africa which is the cause of satisfaction for all South Africans. The highest of this position is given to the South Atlantic Yacht Race which is originally called Cape to Rio. Currently it is called as Cape to Bahia. In the Southern hemisphere is race is the largest continent to continent yacht race. Athletics (running) in South Africa: South Africa possesses active athletic schedule and has large number of athletics who take part in contest internationally and compete for Olympic and the Paralympic games. The major events include Two Oceans Marathon and the Comrades Marathon. The 2011 World Championships in Athletics which was held in Daegu in South Korea, the team of following players Oscar Pistorius, Ofentse Mogawane, Shane Victor and Willem de Beer set the national record time of 2:59.21 seconds and finally South Africa won the silver medal in the finals with the team members Beer, victor, Mogawane and Jacob van. Also a silver medal was won by Caster Semenya in 2012 in womens 800 m Olympic Games which were held in London with the set record time of 1:57.23 seconds. Oscar Pistorius also became first double amputee sprinter in 2012 to compete the Olympic Games but did not succeeded in winning the medal. A gold and bronze medal was won by Pistorius in T44 class in Summer Paralympics in the year 2004 which was held in Athens and also won three gold medals at Summer Paralympic Games at 2008 which were held in Beijing. Also two gold medals were won by him at 2012 Paralympic Games. For 200 m and 400 m events he had also remained T43 world record holder. Gold medal was won by South African team of Zivan Smith, Pistorius, Samkelo Radebe and Arnu Fourie and Paralympic record of 4*100 m relay was set by them. Basketball: In South Africa basketball is famous sport among the youth. Basketball South Africa, the national Federation is is the youngest members of FIBA which is the global basketball governing body and was founded in 1992. Cycling: The major events include 94.7 cycle challenge and Cape Argus Cycle Race. South Africa possess powerful cycle race scene. Robert Hunter is the famous cyclist who won the stage in Tour de France in 2007. The national governing body in South Africa of cycling is CyclingSA or Cycling South Africa. Golf: South Africa is one of the largest golfing nations and has illustrious history. Golf is one of the best individual sports event in which the South Africans take part in. As compared, the South African players remain at the top level with the quantity and quantity. Bobby Locke was the first South African who won a major championship The British Open for four times in the year 1949, 1950, 1952 and 1957. Gray Player is the top famous player of golf in SA. He along with Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus was dominated for world golf in 1960s and 1970s. Sailing: In South Africa, for the sport of sailing South African sailing is the national governing body which is being recognized by International Sailing Federation. Tennis: South Africa was considered as the country which had good tennis players who died away with the new administration of sport. Wayne Ferreira and Amanda Coetzer are the recent tennis players who rank among the world top ten players. Johan Kriek is the only one grand slam tournament winner in South Africa who won Australian Open in the year 1981. He won again the year 1982 but he acquired American citizenship and he played as an American in 1982. In 1984, the Australian Open Final was made by Kevin Curren. Irene Bowder Peacock, Brian Norton, Ian Vermaak, Sandra Reynoldsa, Eric Sturgess and Cliff Drysdale include other grand slam finalists in south Africa. Canoeing: In South Africa, a huge number of canoe events take place annually which are mentioned as follows: Berg River Canoe Marathon Dusi Canoe Marathon Fish River Canoe Marathon Chess: Chess is also taking major place in South Africa. Its demand is growing rapidly in this country. Some of the major events include: South African Open South African Chess Championship Mind Sports: Mind Sports South Africa was founded on 14 December 1984 and it has hosted around five world championships in following places which are as follows: Johannesburg in 1997 Cape Town in 1999 Durban in 2002 Port Elizabeth in 2007 Durban in 2012 The Mind Sports South Africa also looks after the games like Board Gaming, Figure Gaming and e Sports. Board Gaming includes Draughts, Backgammon (International, Anglo- American and Pool Checkers), Morabaraba also called as Mlabalaba, Moruba, SesothoMorabaraba. Figure Gaming Include Ancients (3000 BC to 1500 AD), Pike and Shot ( 1500 AD to 1700 AD), Horse and Musket(1700 to 1845) and World War 2( 1939 to 1945). E Sports include personal computer gaming, mobile gaming and PSP gaming. Motor Sports: Jody Schekter is Formula One World Champion in South Africa who had succeeded or triumphed for Ferrari in 1979. It had also staged Formula One Grand Prix and is also one of the host nations for A1 Grand Prix. In South Africa Motor Rallying and off road 4*4 racing vastly popular. Rugby League: Rugby League is also the famous sport in South Africa. It has four different committees, administrative boards and interests from around 40 years that made an attempt to set up the game of rugby league in this country. The English and the French expanded the game into different nations that would ensure a lucrative and glowing future. This was the first attempt and it failed as the South African public did not included this game in sport. The second attempt was made in 1960s in double act which consisted of separate factions, one was the National Rugby League and the other was the South African Rugby League. Tom Van Vollenhoven Cup is the rugby league competition which is held in South Africa. Skydiving and Parachuting: In South Africa, there are about 20 skydiving clubs and drop zones that are registered and all the clubs are connected or joined to the Parachute association of South Africa (PASA). Boxing: Jeffrey Mathebula won the title named IBF junior featherweight title in March 2012. British version of world bantamweight title was won by Willie Smith. About seventy one world champions are being produced by South Africa. One hundred and fourteen titles have been won by seventy one world champions who include thirty five titles for WBA, WBC, WBO and IBF which are the four major sanctioning bodies. In the year 1998 there were eight world champions in South Africa. Some of the major sports events include the following: Midmar Mile Three world class canoe marathons Cape Argus Pick n Pay Cycle Tour Two oceans Marathon Comrades marathon Ned bank Golf Challenge Adventure and Outdoor Sport: The adventure and outdoor sport include the following: Hiking Abseiling and Rapp jumping Horse riding and trails Bungee jumping Mountain biking Canoeing, rafting and kayaking Paragliding, hang gliding and flying Fishing Surfing, wind and kite surfing, sailing Polo Skydiving and base jumping Rock climbing Scuba diving There are number of disabled athletes in South Africa. Oscar Pistorius is the double amputee world record holder at 200m and 400 m, Natalie du Toit, who is the swimmer who became the first amputee who competed in swimming in 2008 at able bodied Olympics. A three time Xterra Triathlon world champion is Conrad Stoltz in triathlon. Also there is one multiple Ironman Champion named Raynard Tissink. The ITU World Cup winner is Hendrick de Villiers and Dan Hugo is multi-sport and Xterra star.

Human Resource Management: Case Study of Argos

Human Resource Management: Case Study of Argos The utilization of people within an organisation called human resource for that organisation. And when the management of the organisations discuss the function that focus on recruitment, performance management and providing direction for the people called human resource management. Importance: Human resource management is a practice for dealing with the nature of employment relationship of the decisions, actions and issues that related to the organisation. Also human resource management is a legal practice between the organisation and the employee. The most important site of the human resource management discuss are given below: The use of planning The design and management of personal system for employee policy and man power strategy. Human resource management activities and policies to business strategy. Seeing the people of the organisation as a strategic resource for achieving competitive advantage. Apply the government policies in business term. Discretion and Business Ethics. Focus on employees and management. Make an employee trust under management policies. Make a safe and fairness environment for employees. Improve the employee under HR function. Work with team performance. 1.2. Purpose of Human Resource Management activities in Argos ltd: BACKGROUND: Argos is a unique multichannel catalogue retailer recognised for choice, value and convenience. Who also has known as largest general goods retailer with over 1000 stores throughout the UK and Republic of Ireland. FOUNDER: The Company founded by Richard Tompkins in July 1973. MISSION STATEMENT: Argos mission statement is we provide our customers with the best value for money through the most convenient shopping experience. OBJECTIVE: Argos is selling large scale of small electronics and toys. They are also sale large amount of household goods and jewellery. Human resource exists in any size of organisation and human resource management is very much important for profitable and non profitable sector of an organisations. The purpose of human resource management is describing below under analysing the Argos human resource management analysis: Recruitment the best employees For employees payroll system Employees training and development purpose Identify the organisational legal policy and regulation For ensuring the best work environment that safe and fair for everyone For the time management For the personal cost planning Improve the management skills Make good labour relations. 1.2. The contribution of strategic human resource management for achieving the objectives of Argos: Human resource management help to develop the organisational important sectors by planning, staffing, direction, controlling and organising to achieve the organisational objectives. Human resource management of Argos ltd is carrying an effective impact for achieving the objectives as a well known multinational company. The human resource management of Argos exist in different sectors of business, are explaining below: (a) Staffing: there are two functions in the staffing that mostly use in the Argos strategy Human resource planning: In this section human resource management first do the job analysis and make a clear vision about the job and position description, then evaluate job requirement for the for the followers. Recruitment and select the employees: Human resource management make a selection process, identify the talent, select the talent and motivate them for the role of the organisations. (b) Training: In this stage human resource management identify the assessment that need to improve and find out a way of processing with using some effective methods of analysis like competency mapping and gap analysis for the training process. (c) Development: Human resource management identify the potential assessment based on the training process. Then make a development process for the potential assessment that already receives. (d) Career planning: On the base of the development processes human resource management help to make a career planning by using talent management, which help to make an effective career path management. (e) Motivation: In this process human resource management make an appropriate appraisal system to motivate the followers, where followers get the knowledge about benefits, compensations and rewards. (f) Maintenance: Human resource management carrying a significant role in this sector, where human resource management handling some part of human resource are describing bellow: Communication: Human resource management use the appropriate way to make a communication between management and followers, directly and indirectly. Human resource management also work for customers, societies, government etc, thats why human resource management maintaining two way communication. Health and safety: human resource management make an effective design and implementing of health schemes with creating awareness and system for safe working environment. Relations of follower: Human resource management make a strong relationship to follow the policies and procedures with establishing fairness. Legalities: In this stage describe the legal issue of the organisation, knowledge about unions, legalities related employment, health and safety etc. Policy and regulation Training and development Payroll Recruitment Organisation and HR Legalities Cost Planning Time Management Work Environment On the basis of the Argos human resource management strategy analysis it can be said that, by using the proper knowledge of human resource management Argos carrying a good reputation that help to achieve the objectives in an effective way. 2.1. The business factors that underpin human resource planning in Tesco: Human resource planning contribute the knowledge of human resource for a business decision to provide guidelines for cost control, develop a managers planning, to develop productivity and efficiency by using maximum utilization of human resource. Tesco business factors that support human resource planning: The business factors of human resource planning are given below by the analysing the strategy of Tesco. Strategies and objectives Current business position and report of market fluctuations by doing market research. Business structure. Manpower requirements with accuracy of forecasting. Identify the talent internally and externally. Cultural development. Maintain the time of positioning with talents. Effective training and development for the resources. Human resource planning help to understand the organisational mission, objectives, goals and strategic requirements to achieve the effective target by accessing the existing human resource and their skills and contribution of workforce. Human resource planning provides the knowledge for future business planning and estimate requirement of resources and manpower. Human resource planning work for some additional or depletion demand of human resource such as make an estimate numbers of possible workers, employees transfer one unit to another, sometimes the depletion comes from resignations, dismissals, retirements, continuous illnesses, deaths etc. These part sometimes under control and sometimes there is no way to control. Human resource planning studying to find out the sources to supply manpower, make a way to recruit. Then human resource management use some selection and improvement process for an effective role in specific part of the organisation. 2.2. The human resource requirements in an organisational situation: The human resource requirements on the basis of the situation come through the personal requirements such as skills, experience, qualifications etc, where identify what skills, knowledge are requires for doing the job well. Qualification: knowledge about the specific subject by the numbering or grading from the recognised awarding organisations, which make a clear and accurate vision to identify organisational objectives for professional career. It helps to get the knowledge about confidential manner and time management. Skills: There are many kinds of skills. The personal skills that make confident for an opportunities. The skills, capabilities and attributes can come through many ways like community involvement, workshop, from the life experience, from study etc. Skills that identify the personal strengths and talents. The human resource requirement comes through two factors that are internal and external factors. For example internal factors work with labour requirement, skill requirement etc and external factors work with demand for labour, government policies etc. By analysing Tesco human resource management strategy their most current requirement explaining below: Skills requirement: identify the skills requirement and develop these requirements is very much important to an organisation for the competitive market place. The skills that require for the Tesco business improvement are given below: Organising and planning. Communication. Team work. Learning. Problem solving. Improve the knowledge of technology. Knowledge of self management. Counselling. Knowledge of planning. Government policies: The human resource strategy remains in government policy, which makes a standard system for monitoring legal issues, policies and develops the human resource plan. Employment, training, education, industrial, labour market competition etc these are under government policies. Employment: now a days globalisation has increased the competition for the employment. So in this competitive market place need some effective skills for supporting to get a job, and this is under government policy to improve the skills of countries human resource to provide training, proper education etc. Labour market competition: In the current market situation labour competition is very high for the credit crunch and globalisation. So government need to use the proper human resource planning for handling the situation, where need to create new job market and make a strong vision for profit for reducing labour market competition. 2.3. Develop human resource planning for Tesco: Human resource planning is very much needed for recruitment process, retention, employee development etc. There are some steps for the development of human resource planning is describing below: Strong knowledge about the business strategy of Tesco: Understand the key driving forces of business. For example the markets, competition, technology, distribution etc. Understand the implications of driving forces for the followers of the business. Identify the people contribution for the business performance. Develop a mission of Tesco: Good knowledge to make an appropriate way to develop a mission for future. To use the followers contribution. Conduct SWOT analysis: Identify the strengths and weaknesses by using SWOT analysis. Work for the weaknesses point considering the current skill and capability. Create an effective and proper plan by the considering present situation. Arrange the details of the human resource analysis: Knowledge about the organisational culture, people, human resource systems and the types of organisation. Improve the resource which are exists. Develop the manpower requirement systems: Create an effective way to improve the recruitment process. Provide the proper training. Employees re-skilling as an improvement scheme. Employee development for business develops. Margining and solution: Develop the managerial action and elaborate for the important steps of existing assumptions. Development for the organisation. Develop the communication. Employee rewarding systems develop. Develop the system of manpower planning. Develop the action plans and create an effective way to delivering in future. The utilization and the development of the human resource can develop a human resource plan for any organisation. 2.4. Human resource plan can contribute to meeting for the objective of Tesco: Human resource management is an approach for an organisation to personnel management that work for the employees and communicate with the employees, increase the commitment and identify the organisational objectives. Human resource planning is the body of shape, function and policies for working environment, and controlling the relationship with the employees, which are very much important for developing the Tesco strategic management process in future. Tesco grow their business strategy and made their position no 1 retailer in the market place of United Kingdom under report of (Poulter, S.2005). The report considers the human resource management as the purpose of contribution to the objective of Tesco. Tesco contribute the training programs for the employee to get the bigger picture for the business objectives. This model ensures to identify objectives of human resource management for employees training purpose, transfer the knowledge and handling the current business situations. The implement of Tesco for the human resource plan are describing below: Training employees: training methods are the key contributions and one of the effective purposes to growth the organisation and this organisational growth depend on employees. Human resource management help to provide a proper guidance for the employees to enable the good performance with efficiency. Transfer the knowledge: This technique help to adopt the globalisation economy for making strong conception to the employees. The skills or knowledge transfer with rewarding employees help to motivate them for effective growth. Situational handling: Human resource management help to point out the organisational key factors that trained and award in situational leadership for adapting the employees in an effective way. The employees would be facing different situation and gain different kinds of idea. So understand all this situations the situational leadership need to provide a proper guidance. A policy of human resource is the creation of the organisational objectives among the people that create an effective strategy for the organisation. The effective strategy provides team building activities, contribution training for the growth, and plan for the achieving targets. By using this methods Tesco has build their own strategy around the human resource management and using the contribution of employees for getting the bigger picture of Tesco. This enables to grow the current business position, where the knowledge based on human resources providing additional training and enable the creativity of unique approach for brand positioning. So study on proper human resource management in effectively business plan of Tesco achieved the no 1 position as a retail company in the United Kingdom. 3.1. The purpose of human resource management policies in Tesco: Human resource management works with business patterns, activities, partners, people etc. The human resource management purposes are Recruiting the best employees. Paying employees. Training and development. The organisational legal policy and regulation. Ensuring the best work environment. Time management Cost planning Health and safety Legalities Recruitment: human resource management help to provide job and position description, identify the talents, select the talents and motivate them in Tesco recruitment process. Paying employees: human resource management an effective way for payroll system with respecting the government policy related this sector. Training and development: human resource management identify the assessments of the improvement and process these using some effective methods. Career planning: in this stage human resource management identify a good career planning With provides all training and facilities. Health and safety: human resource management design and effective way of implementing the health schemes for the awareness of safe working environment. Policy and regulation: in this stage human resource management discuss about the legal policies and organisational regulation under terms and conditions. Work environment: human resource management ensure a fair and friendly working environment under different responsibility. Legalities: human resource management help to make a conception about legal issue, knowledge about unions, employment legalities etc. 3.2. Impact of regulatory requirement on human resource policies in Tesco: Human resource management is regulating the HR policy of requirements such as pay, equality, discrimination, contractual terms and condition, data protection, employment rights and responsibilities etc under the government law. The regulatory work of human resource management in different sections of Tesco business strategy is given below: Legal framework about pay: human resource management work for right payroll systems and monitors carefully about wedges under rules and it is in Wages Act of the payment 1936 Wages Act (minimum) 1936 Equal Remuneration Act 1976 Bonus Act of the payment 1965 Legal employment rights and responsibility: human resource management strongly work for the all legal issues and laws and carries a significant role for the human rights under the law of The Factories Act 1948 The Employees Provident Fund Act 1952 Rates of Contribution PF, Pension, Insurance Employees State Insurance Act 1948 Payment of Gratuity Act 1972 The Workmens Compensation Act 1923 The Maternity Benefit Act 1961 Discrimination: human resource management work to make sure a fair and the same level of rights for all gender of sex and cultural discrimination for an organisational structure under rules of Sex discrimination Act 1995/ 1997 Employment rights Act 1996 Impact of the regulatory on human resource management: HRM work with wide range of issue in an organisation Impact Human resource management activities on payroll system are explaining below Under the minimum wages Act 1936: Human resource management make sure the regulation of payment of wages by employer. Protect workers from irregular payment from the management. Work for the loss or damage of employee. Help to make an advances, loans, tax payable, and deduction under court order. Under the payment of wages Act 1936 Maintain the proper regulation by fixing a date of payment Under payment of bonus Act 1965 Make sure bonus and basic payment Minimum bonus 8.33% and maximum will be up to 20% Paid within eight months. Under the equal remuneration Act 1976 Make sure the equal payment for man and women Proper recruitment, promotion and no gender discrimination in payment. Skill, effort, responsibility under similar condition. 4.1. Impact of Sainsburys structure in human resource management: There are so many theories that make an effective conception about organisational structure. Weber theories: Max Weber gave an effective theories about organisational structure based on bureaucracy, power and control. Weber explained the organisational process, control and distinguished between authority and power by defining the responsibility; where he said that authority exist with legitimacy of the power by the rules. Mintzberg theories: According to professor Henry Mintzberg organisations has five main parts Operating care: Make a regulatory work directly with production of products and service Strategic apex: Identify the mission of strategic and deliver in an effective way and also control the people by using power. Middle-line managers: Work with strategic apex and operating the mission by the use of delegated formal authority. Tech no structure: An analyst who work for identifying the organisational objectives and the work relation with people. Design, change and preplanning the way of development. Provide training to the people. Support staff: This is an exist unit that support staff to provide training and operating working flow to achieve the goal. Human resource management is carrying a significant and an effective impact for any organisational structure. By analysing the above theories the organisational structure means the way of people are organised. The structure of Sainsburys strategy is culture, service, job satisfaction, customer relation, projects etc. These all sectors have a unique part of human resource management. 4.2. The impact of Sainsburys culture on the management of human resources: The culture consists to share the value of an organisation. The organisational Act with perfectly by proper using the strength of a culture. There are some theories available for the organisational culture, one of the theories known as Gods of management by Handy. Handy classify the organisations into four parts, where the culture depend on organisation structure, history, technology, environment etc. The four cultures he classifies are Power culture Role culture Task culture and People culture Power culture: Handy describe the power culture as a web, where he reflects the concentration the power of family owned business, which is strictly showing the responsibility of family members given to personalities rather than expertise to create power structure of the web. Power culture has some significant role such as decision making, create situations etc. The role culture: describe as a Greek temple, where apex of temple using for decision making and the pillars of the temple are carrying the functional units of the organisation. The role culture works with job descriptions, procedures, rules and systems of the organisation. The task culture: task culture much more dynamic than others because it involved in extensive research and development activities. This is a changeable culture depend on situation and identify the future needs. Task culture has close connection between departments, communication and integration, functions and specialities. The person culture: is characteristic of the model of management, where the individuals of the structure make a path for objectives. This is not the appropriate culture for business strategy, may be suitable for self-help group. Sainsburys culture: organisational culture field of the idea, which explaining the Sainsburys culture sectors such as experience, attitudes, personal and cultural values, psychology and beliefs of an organisation. The culture of an organisation related with the unique configuration which are describing values, beliefs, norms, behaviours and the function of the manner of groups and individuals that help to complete the job role. The concepts the organisational culture make external environment awareness with the people in the workplace. In this point the significant knowledge of the business which have particular collective and interactive needs of human capital. Human resource management help to expansion the on-going businesses to use the existing cultures and resources. Then establish the human resource function to monitoring the human capital culture. Human resource management is very much needed for the exploratory stage of the business for investigation, data gathered from semi-structure etc. 4.3. The effectiveness of human resource management is monitored in Sainsbury: Human resource management is a strategic approach for the organisational performance which involves with designing and implementing policies, practices and human capitals such as employee, collective knowledge, skills, behaviours etc for achieving the Sainsburys business objectives. Effectiveness of human resource management in technical and strategic sectors of Sainsbury: human resource management work for an effective way to approval of the organisational activities that socially constructed environments. Human resource management make an expectation for behaviour with legitimacy in the stakeholders. Human resource management identify the stakeholders activities to spread throughout the organisation. External stakeholders include government who regulate the employment practice and this is under human resource management activities. HRM works in an organisation through the stakeholders expectation such as recruitment, selection, performance, employee training, compensation, benefit and strategic development. So HRM carries the occupational specializations by reflecting the high level of knowledge in organisational programs with judging the effectiveness. HRM suggest for improvement of human capital with the competitive advantage based on organisational resources. The competitive advantage of human capital helps to improve the production process by the human resource. HRM makes an extra approach for strategic development of talent which reflecting an effective designs, empowerment, long-term competitors strengths and weaknesses for making the unique pool of human capital. 4.4. Justified recommendations to improve the effectiveness of human resource management in Sainsbury: HRM help to change the business patterns in an effective way of developing performance. Improve the effectiveness of HRM in Sainsbury come through strategy and performance development. The effective criteria of strategic patterns development are describing below: Operation by manager activities: Improve the employee attitudes. Improve the organisational culture to the employees. Improve the procedures and policies. Improve cultural related HR programs. Rewarding employees based on performance and behaviours. Stakeholders activities: Identify the business development issue applying HR strategy methods of stakeholders. Develop the leaders in new generation. Identify the new business strategy, discussing the critical HR metrics. Redesigning the structure for improving strategic objectives. Identify the talent that need for the improvement of business. Emergency responder activities: Work with different situation. Instant respond for current needs. Instant respond for the managers problematic issues. Respond for the employee and manager needs. Employee relationship activities: Sort out the employee competition issues under organisational environment. Handling the conflicts between the employees. Handling the conflicts between the managers. Skills participate for the organisational changes. Solve the political problems for the business development plans.

American Law Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout the United States there are many different laws among the fifty states that make up this union. The laws are different throughout the states because of the need of the laws. Living in one state and not having the advantages or disadvantages of a law in another state would not be that unfair or unequal. This is true because if you don’t like a law in your state you could always fight it and try to change it or you could always move out of that state and go to one that has the laws that you like. One of the big issues in life today is gun safety. Due to the recent high school shootings many legislatures are pushing for stricter gun laws. In Montana you can’t carry a concealed weapon inside city, town or logging camp limits but if you have a permit you can carry a concealed weapon in many instances. Where as in Wisconsin the state does not give permits that give a person the right to carry a concealed weapon, if caught with a concealed weapon it is a misdemeanor. Now looking at these two cases would you say that this is unfair to the people in Wisconsin because they can’t walk around the streets with a concealed gun. I don’t think that it is unfair but in fact a precaution that Wisconsin has, and they are actually looking out for the safety of their citizens. Another law that we can look at is drinking and driving. All the states have different laws on how high your blood alcohol level can be. After reviewing some of the laws I found that in Vermont if your are pull...

The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay Essay -- Amazing Adventures

The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay is a story of defiance, of successfully breaking and escaping the oppressive mores of society with skill and tenacity, and an embodiment the novelistic tradition of disregard for the monolithic structure on which our world is based. The book is set up around the theme of â€Å"the carnivalesque†, and shows how this rebel attitude can be taken up like a mantel, so a character can make change and find happiness in an oppressive world. These characters come to realize that the carnivalesque is the true way to live, and it is only when they wear the mantle full time that they find satisfaction in their life. In the German occupied Prague, the Jews have been earmarked for hardship and extinction at the hands of the Nazis. Joseph Kavalier, a young man of a bohemian Jewish family, spent his youth under the tutelage of a great escape artist. Fascinated with slight of hand tricks, stealth, and lock picking, Joseph is taught all manner of clandestine skills. It is with these abilities, that he is able to revel in the carnivalesque and escape where others are constrained by their insistence on following the rules. The great protector of the Jews is the golem of Prague from ancient myth, a fantastic example of the Carnivalesque in the form of a Cabalic defiance of power. With the knowledge of how to activate the Golem lost to time, the secret society charged with protecting it must smuggle their massive charge out of Prague before the Nazis discover its location. Young Joseph, already hoodwinked by a bribed Nazi emigration offical, sees in the Golem his opportunity to escape. With the Golem dressed in an enormous suit and posed as a dead... ...tions that determine the structure and order of ordinary . . . life are suspended . . ." (Kohl) Oppressed as he is, Joe fails to embrace the carnivalesque and so fail his family and his love ones. Only by escaping his place in the order and suspending the rules can he manage to make change. As you can see, the Carnivalesque is key to these characters. Though Sam finds that by putting on the cloak of the Carnival, he finds satisfaction, Joe, despite his excellent talents, fails to make the final leap of logic in time to make meaningful change. His family dies and he goes without his loved ones for years because of his failure to take up the mantle of the Carnivalesque. It is not until he returns, soiled as his repuation is, to his old love and son, where their strange new family unit is questioned and mocked by the world, that he finally finds his satisfaction. The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay Essay -- Amazing Adventures The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay is a story of defiance, of successfully breaking and escaping the oppressive mores of society with skill and tenacity, and an embodiment the novelistic tradition of disregard for the monolithic structure on which our world is based. The book is set up around the theme of â€Å"the carnivalesque†, and shows how this rebel attitude can be taken up like a mantel, so a character can make change and find happiness in an oppressive world. These characters come to realize that the carnivalesque is the true way to live, and it is only when they wear the mantle full time that they find satisfaction in their life. In the German occupied Prague, the Jews have been earmarked for hardship and extinction at the hands of the Nazis. Joseph Kavalier, a young man of a bohemian Jewish family, spent his youth under the tutelage of a great escape artist. Fascinated with slight of hand tricks, stealth, and lock picking, Joseph is taught all manner of clandestine skills. It is with these abilities, that he is able to revel in the carnivalesque and escape where others are constrained by their insistence on following the rules. The great protector of the Jews is the golem of Prague from ancient myth, a fantastic example of the Carnivalesque in the form of a Cabalic defiance of power. With the knowledge of how to activate the Golem lost to time, the secret society charged with protecting it must smuggle their massive charge out of Prague before the Nazis discover its location. Young Joseph, already hoodwinked by a bribed Nazi emigration offical, sees in the Golem his opportunity to escape. With the Golem dressed in an enormous suit and posed as a dead... ...tions that determine the structure and order of ordinary . . . life are suspended . . ." (Kohl) Oppressed as he is, Joe fails to embrace the carnivalesque and so fail his family and his love ones. Only by escaping his place in the order and suspending the rules can he manage to make change. As you can see, the Carnivalesque is key to these characters. Though Sam finds that by putting on the cloak of the Carnival, he finds satisfaction, Joe, despite his excellent talents, fails to make the final leap of logic in time to make meaningful change. His family dies and he goes without his loved ones for years because of his failure to take up the mantle of the Carnivalesque. It is not until he returns, soiled as his repuation is, to his old love and son, where their strange new family unit is questioned and mocked by the world, that he finally finds his satisfaction.

Claudio Monteverdi :: Composers Renaissance Biographies Essays

Claudio Monteverdi Claudio Monteverdi was born on May 15, 1567, in Cremona Italy, Monteverdi was an Italian composer of the late Renaissance and the Early Baroque, and is known as the first great composer of the operas. Monteverdi is often view as a composer of the Renaissance and of the Baroque, there is a similar pattern in that is continuous that is often viewed through his work in both styles. Monteverdi often was known as a dramatic composer, while bringing a tremendous meaning from the text he set that often turned each of his pieces into a believable musical and also produced a dramatic statement. It was an early age when Monteverdi’s career began, he then published his first pieces, and this was based on as a collection of three-voice motets, at the age of fifteen. It was by 1591, when he went to Mantua as a musician for the Gonzaga court, by then he had already published books of â€Å"spiritual madrigals† in 1583, then another canzonettas in 1584, by 1587 and 1590 he published his first two books of â€Å"madrigals.† It was in Mantua he continued writing madrigals, and then in 1607 he produced his first work in the new genre of opera, the setting was of Orfeo. 1613, he was then appointed maestro di cappella at ST. Mark’s Cathedral which was held in Venice. Monteverdi had remained in Venice for the rest of his life, writing music in all different kinds of genres, including his final opera, â€Å"incoronaszione di Poppea in 1642. The style that Monteverdi intended to write in was called seconda prattica, this was a description that he used to separate himself for what was known as the more conservative tradition of Palestrina and his â€Å"Contemporaries.† The main starting point for Monteverdi was the always the words. Whatever his mood was at the time and what the words might suggest, and or whatever a one word needed to express, was mainly reflected on his music. Throughout the century, this was the basic idea of word content; this painting was used in madrigals through out the century. Due to the fact that his music expressed different moods of styles, for Monteverdi it was however isolated effect, and a guiding force. â€Å"This ideal permeated his madrigals and found new expression in the dramatic language or opera.† All Monteverdi’s techniques of work altogether made Monteverdi one of the expertise in the field of Western music.

Jung, Gardner, and Freud Comparison Essay

In today’s society, education is more liberal, allowing people to think for themselves and providing them with a broader education. This differs from many years ago, when education was more conservative. Education was very basic, consisting of only academic classes and no electives. People with a more conservative education would never go against what they were taught. However, liberally educated people of today can go against what they are taught, research it themselves, and make new conclusions about their studies. A liberal education enables people to deal with the forces that control their life. It frees them from the restraints in everyday life. Having such a broad education allows people to deal with such forces. Four psychologists have written essays and constructed theories that can agree that liberal education is of a greater stature than conservatively educated. The essays are â€Å"The Theory of Multiple Intelligences,† written by Howard Gardner, â€Å"The Personal and Collective Unconscious,† written by Carl Jung, â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave,† written by Plato, and â€Å"From the Interpretation of Dreams,† written by Sigmund Freud. In Howard Gardner’s â€Å"Theory of Multiple Intelligences† he states that there are seven different kinds of intelligence. He alludes that everyone has the potential to be intelligent in an unconventional way. Gardner writes, â€Å"The question of the optimal definition of intelligence looms large in our inquiry. Indeed it is at the level of this definition that the theory of multiple intelligences diverges from the traditional points of view†(370). If one were to have a more conservative education, Gardner’s ideas would have been absurd because nobody would have understood them. People would have only understood intelligence as being smart in school. People with a conservative education would never look deeper into things. On the other hand, a liberal education teaches people to challenge what they have learned, if they do not agree with it. Gardner did just that. Alfred Binet believed that intelligence was measured by IQ tests. Gardner did not agree with this, so he did his own research on it. Because of Gardner’s liberal education, he was able to rise above those who received a more conservative education. Carl Jung’s essay, â€Å"The Personal and the Collective Unconscious† based itself on a liberal education because it talks about psychology, which falls under liberal education. Psychology is the study of mind and behavior. A liberal education allows people to study this; however, a more conservative education would not because studying the mind is not essential in academics. Psychology studies the things that people cannot see, such as conscious and unconscious states. It also allows people to not have to accept what other people say. In the essay written by Jung, he stated, â€Å"If in such cases we pursue our observations systematically and without prejudice, we shall find material which, although similar in form to the previous personal contents, yet seems to contain allusions that go far beyond the personal sphere†(345). Carl Jung did not agree with Freud’s theory, so he did his own research, and found Freud’s research to be inconclusive. Because of his liberal education and study in psychology, Jung was able to control the forces in his life and did not agree with what was thought by Freud. Plato’s, â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave† shows that the prisoners of his story were unable to see the truth because of their lack of a liberal education. In fact, at first they could not see anything nor could they move their heads. With only the aid of a small fire were they able to see the shadows of pictures on the wall. However, in the end, one prisoner rose above the shadows and saw the truth when he was let out of the cave, but when he went back to the cave, he was terrorized. Plato wrote, â€Å"He will require to grow accustomed to the sight of the upper world. And first he will see the shadow’s best, next the reflections of men and other objects in the water, and then the objects themselves†(317). The other prisoners were not liberally educated. They believed only what they saw, and they did not see what this one prisoner was saying. Plato showed that the prisoners were kept in darkness, unable to see the truth. When they finally were told the truth, they did not believe it because they had not seen it for themselves. During the story, the prisoners were kept in shadows. Today, society deals with the same problem. In today’s society, people have to deal with being lied to by the government and media, which only tell people what they want them to know, and in a sense, they disfigure the truth. With the authority figures, such as the media and government, keeping people in the shadows just like the prisoners, people do not always know what to believe. Sometimes people want to believe what they are told, even though they know it’s a lie. The difference between the prisoners and people today is that more people today have a liberal education. Those with a liberal education can see what the government and media may not want them to see, looking beyond what is given to them, but going out of reach and gathering other information. In the essay written by Sigmund Freud, â€Å"From the Interpretation of Dreams,† Freud analyzed people’s behaviors through their dreams. He had noticed that dreams played an important role in his analysis of neurotic and â€Å"hysterical† patients. Freud believed that sleeping dreams were nearly always, like daydreams, wish fulfillment. Wish fulfillment is such that it may be enrolled in the continuity of the intelligible psychic activities of the waking state; it is built up by a highly complicated intellectual activity. Freud went beyond the boundaries of education. Freud explains his reasoning about dreams, â€Å"[Dreams] are not meaningless, they are not absurd; they do not imply that one portion of our store of ideas is asleep while another portion is beginning to wake† (330). He took a different approach about the way he analyzed people. His liberally educated mind allowed him to get past the typical mental analysis and utilize dream interpretations to fabricate theories. Today’s education is more liberal than it has been in the past. A liberal education teaches people to think for themselves and it provides people with a broader education. The classes that are part of a liberal education are not just the general education classes, they are also electives. A liberal education teaches people to challenge what they do not believe, but a person with a more conservative education would never challenge what they were told. In challenging what they do not believe, they can further research it. In doing this it frees people from the restraints in their everyday life, and allows them to control the forces in their life.

Elaborate on the Evolution of Human Resource Management

Ans: Kautilya provides a systematic treatment of management of human resources as early as 4th century B. C. in his treatise titled â€Å"Arth –Shastra†. As it has been described in the book, there prevailed logical procedures and principles in respect of labor organizations such as Shreni or guild system and co-operative sector. The wages were paid strictly in terms of quantity and quality of work turned out and punishment were imposed for unnecessarily delaying the work or spoiling it. The concept of â€Å"Varnasharam† or caste system was originally based on these principles . The individuals who used to earn their livelihood by engaging themselves in activities such as teaching, sacrifices or state management were designated as Brahmins while those specializing in fighting were termed as Kshatiyas. From the 14th century B. C. to the later half of the 10th century A. D. , the relationships between the employer and employees were marked by justice and equity. As regards Indian economy in Mediaeval India, although there was a lull because of numerous foreign aggressions for around 700 years, during the Mughal rules, the Indian trade and commerce were revived. Several â€Å"Karkhanas† were established at Agra, Delhi, Lahore, Ahmedabad and various other places. The Plantation Act of 1863 makes provisions that if the workers failed to complete their period of contract, they should be imprisoned for a period not exceeding three months. Explicitly, the working conditions in the tea plantations were extremely bad. Accordingly, the workers were entirely helpless in the face of the organized and powerful European planters. In 1905, the printers’ Union at Calcutta and in 1907, the Postal Union at Bombay was established. In 1922, the indentured labor system involving migration of India Labor to other countries on contract basis was abolished as a result of a strong National movement. In the same year, the Central Labor Board was established to federate the different unions in the Bombay city and the All India Trade Union Congress was organized. It may be noted that the reliable statistics of trade union growth are not available for the period before the formal implementation of the Indian Trade Unions Act, 1926. Betw2een 1939-40 and 1944-45 the number of registered trade unions increased from 666 to 865. During period 1947-1960 industrial employment rose by 2. 8 times, the total claimed union membership also went up by 2. 3 times. In 1960, 45 percent of the total industrial workforce was claimed to be unionized. Today, the total membership is estimated to be around 4. 3 million i. e. 28 percent of total workforce. MB0027 Human Resource Management Assignment 1 Answer the following questions: Q1:Elaborate on the evolution of Human Resource Management. Ans: Kautilya provides a systematic treatment of management of human resources as early as 4th century B. C. in his treatise titled â€Å"Arth –Shastra†. As it has been described in the book, there prevailed logical procedures and principles in respect of labor organizations such as Shreni or guild system and co-operative sector. The wages were paid strictly in terms of quantity and quality of work turned out and punishment were imposed for unnecessarily delaying the work or spoiling it. The concept of â€Å"Varnasharam† or caste system was originally based on these principles . The individuals who used to earn their livelihood by engaging themselves in activities such as teaching, sacrifices or state management were designated as Brahmins while those specializing in fighting were termed as Kshatiyas. From the 14th century B. C. to the later half of the 10th century A. D. , the relationships between the employer and employees were marked by justice and equity. As regards Indian economy in Mediaeval India, although there was a lull because of numerous foreign aggressions for around 700 years, during the Mughal rules, the Indian trade and commerce were revived. Several â€Å"Karkhanas† were established at Agra, Delhi, Lahore, Ahmedabad and various other places. The Plantation Act of 1863 makes provisions that if the workers failed to complete their period of contract, they should be imprisoned for a period not exceeding three months. Explicitly, the working conditions in the tea plantations were extremely bad. Accordingly, the workers were entirely helpless in the face of the organized and powerful European planters. In 1905, the printers’ Union at Calcutta and in 1907, the Postal Union at Bombay was established. In 1922, the indentured labor system involving migration of India Labor to other countries on contract basis was abolished as a result of a strong National movement. In the same year, the Central Labor Board was established to federate the different unions in the Bombay city and the All India Trade Union Congress was organized. It may be noted that the reliable statistics of trade union growth are not available for the period before the formal implementation of the Indian Trade Unions Act, 1926. Betw2een 1939-40 and 1944-45 the number of registered trade unions increased from 666 to 865. During period 1947-1960 industrial employment rose by 2. 8 times, the total claimed union membership also went up by 2. 3 times. In 1960, 45 percent of the total industrial workforce was claimed to be unionized. Today, the total membership is estimated to be around 4. 3 million i. e. 28 percent of total workforce.